Plants and Photosynthesis Flashcards
how do minerals enter a plant
from the roots to the xylem to the plant
what minerals help a plant grow and how
nitrogen = healthy leaves
phosphorus = healthy roots
potassium = flowers and fruit
magnesium = produce chlorophyl
what are the 3 factors needed for germination to occur
- Moisture
- Oxygen
- Warmth
what is the difference between a shoot and a root
root = the part of a plant that is normally underground
shoot = the above ground part of the plant
what are the male and female parts of a plant and what are their function
Male Parts (Stamen):
Anther - produces male sex cells (contained in the pollen and grain)
Filament - holds up the anther
Female (Carpel):
Stigma - traps pollen
Style - is where pollen tube grows down to female sex cells
Ovary - produces female sex cells ( contained in the ovules)
be able to label a flower showing the male and female parts of the plant
Stigma - the tip of the part in the middle
Style - what holds up the stigma (only the thin part)
Ovary - below the style
Anther - egg-shaped structure above the filament
Filament - The structure holding up the anther
define and describe the stages of pollination, fertilisation and seed formation
Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
Fertilisation is the process of sexual reproduction, which occurs after pollination and germination
Seed Formation is the growing of the fertilised ovule
- Pollination : After pollen has landed on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube through the style to the ovary.
- Germination : The pollen grain’s nucleus travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the ovule’s nucleus.
- Fertilisation : (Inside the ovary) The fertilised ovule develops into a seed which contains the plant embryo.
what is photosynthesis
the process in which plants make food
what is the word equation of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water ->(sunlight & chlorophyll)-> Glucose + Oxygen
what is chlorophyll and where is it found
Chlorophyll is a green chemical which is found inside a chloroplast in cells that are exposed to light.
what is chlorophyll’s role in photosynthesis
It absorbs the light energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.
what is the role of light in photosynthesis
Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll and then is converted into chemical energy.
which cell, organelle and part does photosynthesis occur in
in the chloroplast, in the spongy mesophyll
draw and label a cross section of a leaf
- Waxy Cuticle - the top of the leaf
- Epidermis - the square blocks just below the cuticle (there is also an epidermis above the guard cell)
- Palisade Cell - the things hanging from the epidermis
- Spongy Mesophyll - the blobs in the middle of the leaf
- Vein - the big circle in the middle of the leaf
- Guard Cell - the cells around the stomata
- Stomata - holes in the bottom of the leaf
how is a leaf adapted to its function
- Palisade cells hang there to maximize the amount of sunlight it receives
- Waxy cuticle allows water to run off the leaf easily
- Stomata are there to allow gas exchange to happen
how to test a leaf for starch
- Remove the leaf
- Put the leaf in boiling water for 30 seconds (to kill the leaf)
- Add the leaf to a boiling tube of ethanol and put in in a water bath to remove the chlorophyll. This makes the leaf white.
- Dip the leaf in again in boiling water.
- Cover the leaf with iodine.
- Starch = Red/brown No Starch = Blue/black
what are the limiting factors in photosynthesis
- Temperature
- Light Intensity
- CO2 amount
describe an experiment to show the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
- Have a bulb, glass shield and a jar with a plant in water.
- Record the amount of bubbles produced every minute for 3 minutes.
- Move it 10cm back each time and you will see that the amount of bubbles produced will decrease each time.
describe the stages of germination
- Imbibition: water fills the seed
- The water activates enzymes that begin the plant’s growth
- The seed grows a root to access water underground
- The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun
- The shoots grow leaves and begin photomorphogenesis
what are the methods of seed dispersal
Seed Dispersal is the transportation of seeds from one plant to another in order for another plant to develop and blossom.
The 4 ways it can be dispersed are:
Animals
Explosion
Wind
Water
what is the difference between insect and wind pollinated flowers
insect pollinated flowers have flowers and their stigmas are protected
wind pollinated flowers are exposed and have a lot of pollen
