Plants and Photosynthesis

Question 1

how do minerals enter a plant

Answer 1

from the roots to the xylem to the plant

Question 2

what minerals help a plant grow and how

Answer 2

nitrogen = healthy leaves
phosphorus = healthy roots
potassium = flowers and fruit
magnesium = produce chlorophyl

Question 3

what are the 3 factors needed for germination to occur

Answer 3

1. Moisture
2. Oxygen
3. Warmth

Question 4

what is the difference between a shoot and a root

Answer 4

root = the part of a plant that is normally underground
shoot = the above ground part of the plant

Question 5

what are the male and female parts of a plant and what are their function

Answer 5

Male Parts (Stamen):
Anther - produces male sex cells (contained in the pollen and grain)
Filament - holds up the anther

Female (Carpel):
Stigma - traps pollen
Style - is where pollen tube grows down to female sex cells
Ovary - produces female sex cells ( contained in the ovules)

Question 6

be able to label a flower showing the male and female parts of the plant

Answer 6

Stigma - the tip of the part in the middle
Style - what holds up the stigma (only the thin part)
Ovary - below the style

Anther - egg-shaped structure above the filament
Filament - The structure holding up the anther

Question 7

define and describe the stages of pollination, fertilisation and seed formation

Answer 7

Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

Fertilisation is the process of sexual reproduction, which occurs after pollination and germination

Seed Formation is the growing of the fertilised ovule

1. Pollination : After pollen has landed on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube through the style to the ovary.
2. Germination : The pollen grain’s nucleus travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the ovule’s nucleus.
3. Fertilisation : (Inside the ovary) The fertilised ovule develops into a seed which contains the plant embryo.

Question 8

what is photosynthesis

Answer 8

the process in which plants make food

Question 9

what is the word equation of photosynthesis

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide + Water ->(sunlight & chlorophyll)-> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 10

what is chlorophyll and where is it found

Answer 10

Chlorophyll is a green chemical which is found inside a chloroplast in cells that are exposed to light.

Question 11

what is chlorophyll’s role in photosynthesis

Answer 11

It absorbs the light energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.

Question 12

what is the role of light in photosynthesis

Answer 12

Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll and then is converted into chemical energy.

Question 13

which cell, organelle and part does photosynthesis occur in

Answer 13

in the chloroplast, in the spongy mesophyll

Question 14

draw and label a cross section of a leaf

Answer 14

1. Waxy Cuticle - the top of the leaf
2. Epidermis - the square blocks just below the cuticle (there is also an epidermis above the guard cell)
3. Palisade Cell - the things hanging from the epidermis
4. Spongy Mesophyll - the blobs in the middle of the leaf
5. Vein - the big circle in the middle of the leaf
6. Guard Cell - the cells around the stomata
7. Stomata - holes in the bottom of the leaf

Question 15

how is a leaf adapted to its function

Answer 15

• Palisade cells hang there to maximize the amount of sunlight it receives
• Waxy cuticle allows water to run off the leaf easily
• Stomata are there to allow gas exchange to happen

Question 16

how to test a leaf for starch

Answer 16

1. Remove the leaf
2. Put the leaf in boiling water for 30 seconds (to kill the leaf)
3. Add the leaf to a boiling tube of ethanol and put in in a water bath to remove the chlorophyll. This makes the leaf white.
4. Dip the leaf in again in boiling water.
5. Cover the leaf with iodine.
6. Starch = Red/brown No Starch = Blue/black

Question 17

what are the limiting factors in photosynthesis

Answer 17

• Temperature
• Light Intensity
• CO2 amount

Question 18

describe an experiment to show the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 18

1. Have a bulb, glass shield and a jar with a plant in water.
2. Record the amount of bubbles produced every minute for 3 minutes.
3. Move it 10cm back each time and you will see that the amount of bubbles produced will decrease each time.

Question 19

describe the stages of germination

Answer 19

1. Imbibition: water fills the seed
2. The water activates enzymes that begin the plant’s growth
3. The seed grows a root to access water underground
4. The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun
5. The shoots grow leaves and begin photomorphogenesis

Question 20

what are the methods of seed dispersal

Answer 20

Seed Dispersal is the transportation of seeds from one plant to another in order for another plant to develop and blossom.

The 4 ways it can be dispersed are:

Animals
Explosion
Wind
Water

Question 21

what is the difference between insect and wind pollinated flowers

Answer 21

insect pollinated flowers have flowers and their stigmas are protected

wind pollinated flowers are exposed and have a lot of pollen