Plants and Functions Flashcards
Underground part of the plant.
Root System
Above part of the plant.
Shoot System
First organ to appear when a seed germinates.
Primary Roots
Smaller roots that emerge horizontally from the primary root.
Secondary Roots
Secures and protects the root tip.
Root Cap
The end of the primary root
Root Tip
An extension of plant epidermal cells in growing plant roots.
Root Hairs
Outer layer of cells, provides protection and helps in absorption.
Epidermis
Serve as a storage area for reserved foods.
Cortex
Central region of the root.
Stele
Casparian Strip
Controls water transport. Can be found in Stele
Boundary between the cortex and the stele.
Endodermis
Pericycle/Cambium
Support, protect and functionally assist phloem and xylem cells. Function to facilitate and regulate new lateral root growth.
Vascular tissue that transports food and water.
Phloem
Vascular tissue that transports water. One way flow
Xylem
Carries out basic metabolic functions and stores food and water. Cortex and Pith.
Ground Tissue
Transportation vessel, Phloem and Xylem.
Vascular tissue
The location on a stem to which a leaf or branch is attached.
Node
The part of a plant stem between two nodes.
Internode
Located in the axil of a leaf. Potential to form shoots.
Lateral Bud
A protective tissue.
Epidermis
Tissues that are originally able to regenerate the plant, increase growth.
Shoot Tip
Protects the outer layer of the shoot.
Epidermis
Transport and store nutrients and provide support. Located outside the ring.
Cortex
Produces new phloem and xylem cells. Located between Phloem and Xylem.
Cambium
Transport and store nutrients and provide support. Located inside the ring.
Pith
The tip of the leaf. Water droplets accumulation
Apex
The sides of the leaf. Reduces water loss.
Margin
Smaller lateral parts connecting to the midrib. Transports nutrients throughout the leaf.
Veins
The middle strand. Helps the leaf to keep in an upright position.
Midrib
Part where the leaf attaches to the stem.
Base
Leaf stalk that joins a leaf to the stem. Provide mechanical support to self hold or adjust the leaf to the sun.
Petiole
Small leaf wings that attach to the leaf stalk. Protect the next leaf or bud as it grows.
Stipule
Allow CO2 and Oxygen to enter the leaf, and excess water to exit the leaf. Protects outer layer.
Upper Epidermis
Provide transport pathways for water and nutrients throughout the leaf.
Vascular Bundle
Where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.
Palisade Mesophyll
To allow for the interchange of CO2 that is needed for photosynthesis.
Spongy Mesophyll
CO2 gateway. Gas exchange.
Stomata
Allow CO2 and Oxygen to enter the leaf, and excess water to exit the leaf. Protects outer layer.
Lower Epidermis
Male parts of a flower and what is it called
Anther and Filament (Stamen)
Produces pollen
Anther
Support for Anther
Filament
Female parts of a flower and what is it called
Stigma. style. and ovary (Pistil)
Modified leaves that have unique shape and color to attract pollinators
Petals
Protects the flower before it opens
Sepal
Sticky bulb that catches pollen grains
Stigma
Passageway for pollen
Style
Part of the pistil that holds the egg awaiting fertilization
Ovary
The small egg that grows into a seed after fertilization
Ovule
A stem that supports a single flower and transports food and water
pedicle
Controls relationship between the external environment and the embryo.
Hilum
Helps absorb water at the time of germination of the seed.
Micropyle
Provides support and nutrition to the developing plant embryo.
Cotyledon
To protect the embryo and to transmit information regarding the external environment.
Seed Coat
Parts of embryo:
Hypocotyl, Epicotyl, and Radicle
Supplies nutrients, protects and controls embryo growth. Mechanical barrier.
Endosperm
Outer layer of a fruit
Exocarp
Middle layer of the fruit
Mesocarp
Innermost layer of the pericarp
Endocarp
Parts of pericarp
Endocarp, Mesocarp, and Exocarp
