Plants and Fruits

Question 1

Flowers: What are they?

Answer 1

Sead bearing portion of the plant that also contains the reproductive organs?

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Sex cells

Question 3

Four major portions of a flower

Answer 3

Pedicel, Perianth, Androecium, Gynoecium

Question 4

Pedicel

Portion of flower

Answer 4

Lower Portion
Stem connecting multiple pedicels is a peduncle
Receptacle: tip of pedicel, the gynnoecium sits on it

Question 5

Perianth

Portion of flower

Answer 5

2 groups of modified leaves
Calyx: lower group, consists of leaves called sepals,made for protecing the bud
Corolla: upper group, consists of leaves called petals, attracts pollinators with their color

Question 6

Androecium

Portion of flower

Answer 6

Male reproductive system/organ. Each reproductive structure is called a stamen. Each stamen is comprised of a long supporting filament with an anther on top. The anther contains pollen (sperm).

Question 7

Gynoecium

Portion of flower

Answer 7

Female reproductive system/organ. Each reproductive organ is called a carpel. A carpel is made of 3 parts. 1. Stigma: “sticky” surface for pollen collection. 2. Style: thin tissue connnecting stigma and ovary. 3. Ovary: where fertilization takes place. Carpel can also be called pistil.

Question 8

What part of the flower becomes fruit?

Answer 8

Ovary

Question 9

What is the pericarp?

Answer 9

Ovary Wall

Question 10

3 layers of the ovary wall…

Answer 10

Exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp

Question 11

Exocarp…

Pericarp

Answer 11

Skin of the fruit (outer shell)

Question 12

Mesocarp…

Pericarp

Answer 12

Fleshy layer (middle)

Question 13

Endocarp…

Pericarp

Answer 13

Surrounds seeds (inner most)

Question 14

4 different types of fruit…

Answer 14

Simple Fruit, Aggregate Fruit, Multiple Fruit, and Dry Fruit

Question 15

Simple Fruits…

Answer 15

Develop from one ovary of one carpel. Three different types: Drupes, Berries, and Pomes.

Question 16

Drupes…

Simple Fruits

Answer 16

Contains single seed. Endocarp is hard (stony) and usually tightly attached to the seed (pit).

Question 17

Berries…

Simple Fruits

Answer 17

Generally contains many seeds. Endocarp is fleshy and slimy. Berries can have different types of skin: thin (tomatoes), leathery (oranges), and thick rind (watermelon).

Question 18

Pomes…

Simple Fruits

Answer 18

Members of the rose family and highly specialized. Flesh forms from receptacle. Inner “paper” layer around seeds in endocarp.

Question 19

Aggregate Fruits…

Answer 19

From several carpels of the same flower. Leads to multiple fruit on one receptacle. Fruitlets (Ex: rasberry/blackberry)

Question 20

Multiple Fruits…

Answer 20

Includes multiple flowers of the same type. Ex: Pineapple

Question 21

Dry Fruits…

Answer 21

Divided based on whether the seeds are retained in or released from the ovary.

Question 22

Dehiscent…

Dry Fruit

Answer 22

Splits at maturity and releases seeds. Usually more than one seed. Two types: legumes and siliques.

Question 23

Legumes…

Dehiscent

Answer 23

Seeds are attached to one half of the ovary when it splits

Question 24

Siliques…

Dehiscent

Answer 24

Seeds are attached to a partition between the two halves.

Question 25

Indehiscent

Dry Fruit

Answer 25

Don’t split when they mature, the seeds are retained. Typically one seed. Two types: Achene and Caryopsis.

Question 26

Achene

Indehiscent

Answer 26

Single seeded fruit that’s typically free in cavity. A winged achene is called a samara.

Question 27

Caryopsis

Indehiscent

Answer 27

The seed coat is firmly attached to the body. Ex: grasses.