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biology plants and animal responses > Plants and Animal Responses > Flashcards

Plants and Animal Responses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Auxin

A

Plant hormone which elongates cells in the shoots of plants but causes cells to not elongate in the roots

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2
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

A form of mimicry where a harmless species resembles a dangerous or unpalatable one

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3
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

A biological rhythm linked to the day-night cycle with a length of 24 hours

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4
Q

Circalunar Rhythm

A

A biological rhythm with a length of 29.5 days

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5
Q

Circatidal Rhythm

A

Biological rhythm linked to changes in tide, with a length of 12 hours

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6
Q

Commensalism

A

An interspecific relationship where one species benefits while the other is unaffected

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7
Q

Competitive Exclusion Principle (Gause’s Law)

A

Law that states that no two species can co-exist with the exact same ecological niche

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8
Q

Courtship

A

Different things animals do to attract a mate

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9
Q

Circannual Rhythm

A

Biological rhythm linked to the seasons, or changes in day length, with a length of 365 days

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10
Q

Day-neutral plants

A

Plants that flower all year round and are not affected by the day length

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11
Q

Ecological niche

A

Physical and biological conditions/factors that a population faces in its habitat

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12
Q

Endogenous rhythm

A

Biological rhythms driven by an internal clock

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13
Q

Entrainment

A

Act of resetting the internal biological clock to match the environment

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14
Q

Exogenous rhythm

A

Biological rhythm driven by external, environmental factors

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15
Q

Exploitation

A

An interspecific relationship where one species benefits while the other is harmed

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16
Q

Free-running period

A

Period of time where an animals biological rhythm is running under constant environmental conditions

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17
Q

Herbivory

A

Exploitation involving an animal feeding on a plant

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18
Q

Hierachies

A

A ranking system that exists in populations, with the strongest members at the top and the weakest members at the bottom

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19
Q

Home Range

A

The extended area outside the territory where animals forage for food

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20
Q

Homing

A

The ability of an organism to find its way home over unfamiliar areas

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21
Q

Interspecific Relationships

A

Interactions between two individuals from different species

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22
Q

Intraspecific Relationships

A

Interactions between two individuals who belong to the same species

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23
Q

K strategy

A

Reproductive strategy where a small number of offspring are produced with a high energy input

24
Q

Kinesis

A

A non-directional response where the rate of movement or activity is influenced by the external or environmental stimulus

25
Q

Klinokinesis

A

The change in the rate of turning of an organism, where the rate is faster in unfavorable conditions

26
Q

Lek

A

The area where animals come together and perform mating displays to attract mates for breeding

27
Q

Long day plants

A

Plants that flower in the summer when the day length exceeds a critical length

28
Q

Migration

A

Regular movement of whole populations to a specific location

29
Q

Mimicry

A

Where one species resembles another in some way

30
Q

Monogamy

A

Having one mate for a breeding season

31
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

A form of mimicry where two unpalatable species resemble each other

32
Q

Mutualism

A

An interspecific relationship where both species benefit

33
Q

Nastic-response

A

Non-directional growth response in plants to the intensity of an external/environmental stimulus

34
Q

Navigation

A

The ability of an organism to use landmarks or natural compasses to find its way home

35
Q

Orthokinesis

A

Change of speed of an animals movement, where the movement is faster in unfavorable conditions

36
Q

Parasitism

A

Exploitation involving a typically smaller species(parasite) living on or in a larger species (the host) where it steals the host’s resources

37
Q

Phase-shift

A

The change in the start time of activity or inactivity as a result of entrainment

38
Q

Photoperiodism

A

The regulation of seasonal activities of plants by the day length, or photoperiod

39
Q

Phytochrome

A

A type of plant pigment which has 2 forms, Pr and Pf and controls the flowering of plants

40
Q

Polygyny

A

Where a male has multiple female mates

41
Q

Predation

A

Exploitation involving an animal hunting and feeding on another

42
Q

R strategy

A

The reproductive strategy where a large number of offspring are produced with a low energy input

43
Q

Short-day plants

A

Plants which flower in the winter when the day length is less than a critical length

44
Q

Taxis

A

A directional response involving the movement of an animal towards or away from a directional external stimulus

45
Q

Territory

A

The defended area where an animal lives

46
Q

Tropism

A

A growth directional response in plants to a directional external stimulus

47
Q

Zeitgebers

A

Environmental stimuli which reset the internal biological clock

48
Q

Why is it important for plants to flower at certain times?

A

Reproduction. Flowering needs to occur when insects are most active because the flowers are pollinated by insects to increase their chances of survival

49
Q

Things that might control exogenous rhythm?

A

Light availability, tide length, changing in day length

50
Q

What are circadian rhythms triggered by?

A

Light availability

51
Q

What are circannual rhythms triggered by?

A

Changes in day length(due to changes in season)

52
Q

What are circatidal rhythms triggered by?

A

Changes in tides(due to gravity and earth’s rotation)

53
Q

Importance of tropism

A

Keep plants alive, plants grow towards the good stuff and away from the bad stuff

54
Q

Stimuli involved in tropism and nastic responses

A

Light, Gravity, Chemicals, Touch, Water, Temperature

55
Q

Ways of navigation

A
  1. Using landmarks
  2. Solar navigation
  3. Magnetic field line navigation
  4. Star navigation
56
Q

Why animals migrate

A
  1. So that the population can move to a more favorable location with a more favorable climate and habitat.
  2. Usual home has run out of food, move to new feeding ground

biology plants and animal responses (1 decks)

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