PLANTS-ANATOMY, GROWTH, FUNCTION Flashcards
- Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts, mainly in the leaves.
Chloroplast
Organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place.
Xylem
The vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Phloem
The vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Roots
The part of the plant that anchors it to the ground, absorbs water and nutrients, and stores food.
Stems
Plant structures that support leaves and flowers and act as conduits for transporting fluids and nutrients through the xylem and phloem.
leaves
The primary sites of photosynthesis in plants, containing chloroplasts. They also help in gas exchange and transpiration.
stomata
Small openings on the underside of leaves that allow gas exchange. They open and close to control water loss.
guard cells
Specialized cells surrounding each stoma that control its opening and closing, regulating gas exchange and water loss.
transpiration
The process by which water is lost from the plant, primarily through stomata in the leaves. This process helps in cooling and nutrient transport.
meristem
Regions in plants containing undifferentiated cells that are responsible for growth. Types include apical (tips of roots/shoots) and lateral (thickening).
primary growth
Growth in length that occurs at the apical meristems of roots and shoots.
secondary growth
Growth in thickness, or girth, of a plant, mainly in woody plants, due to cell division in the cambium.
vascular bundle
A cluster of xylem and phloem tissues in a plant, essential for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients.
root hairs
Small extensions of root epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
