Plants Flashcards
Spongy Mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll tissue contains some chloroplast for photosynthesis, but also has large air spaces and a large surface area to make gas diffusion easier
Epidermal Tissue
Epidermal tissue covers the leaf and protects it. The create a waxy substance that waterproofs the leaf
Palisade Mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll tissue contains a lot of chloroplast so it can carry out photosynthesis
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem and Phloem are transport tissues in plants. Xylem carry water and dissolve mineral ions from the roots up to the leaves and phloem carry dissolved food from the leaves around the plant. Translocation is the movement of sugars
Plant Organs
Plant Organs: Within the body of a plant, specialised tissues such as palisade, spongy mesophyll, xylem and phloem are arranged to form organs. Each organ carries out its own particular functions. The leaves, stems, and roots are all organs, each which have a very specific job to do
Plant Organ Systems
Plant Organ Systems: The whole body of the plant - the roots, stem and leaves - form an organ system for the transport substances around the plant. Trees form the largest and oldest land organisms, so plant organ systems are also the biggest land based organ system in the living world
Parts of the Plant Cell
Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplast
Xylem + Phloem
Xylem - To transport water and minerals
Phloem - To transport mainly organic products i.e sugars
Xylem and Phloem ARE NOT in the same transport system
Transpiration
The loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis. It involves evaporation from the surface of the cells and diffusion through the stomata
Temperature
The higher the temperature the faster the transpiration rate. This is because water molecules move more kinetic energy
Humidity
The higher the humidity the lower the transportation rate. This is because the rate of diffusion is less when the concentration gradient is lower
Air Movement
The windier the day the faster the transipiration rate. This is because the concentration gradient is higher
Potometer
This is used to show the water uptake of a plant under different conditions. It gives a good idea of the amount of water lost in transpiration
The path water takes through Transporation
Water evaporates from the leaf cells into the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll
The water has now changed state into water vapour
The concentration of water vapour in the air spaces increases
Water vapour diffuses through stomata into the air
Plant
They need to be able to transport water and inorganic ions. They need to be able to transport organic nutrients from leaves. They also need glucose. Some cells produce glucose, but plants mainly get glucose from photosynthesis
