Plants

Question 1

Azalea, Rhododendron

Answer 1

• *Common Name:** Azalea, Rhododendron
• *Scientific Name:** Rhododendron spp.
• *Common Family Name:** Heath family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Ericaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Grayanotoxins
• *Clinical Signs:** GI signs, depression, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, and death is usually from aspiration pneumonia

Question 2

American black nightshade

Answer 2

• *Common Name:** American black nightshade
• *Scientific Name:** Solanum americanum
• *Common Family Name:** Nightshade family
• Scientific Family Name:**Solanaceae*
• *Main toxic Principle:** Solanine and solanidine alkaloids, ripe fruits have acetylcholine, nitrate in leaves
• *Clinical Signs:** GI signs, signs similar to atropine

Question 3

Avocado

Answer 3

• *Common Name:** Avocado
• *Scientific Name:** Persea americana
• *Common Family Name:** Laurel family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Lauraceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Unknown
• *Clinical Signs:** Cardiotoxicity in goats, horses, rabbits, and caged birds, noninfectious mastitis and aglactica in cattle, horses, goats, and rabbits

Question 4

Aloe

Answer 4

• *Common Name:** Aloe
• *Scientific Name:** Aloe vera
• *Common Family Name:** Lily family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Liliaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Anthraquinone glycoside
• *Clinical Signs:** Severe GI signs and diarrhea

Question 5

Angel’s trumpet

Answer 5

• *Common Name:** Angel’s trumpet
• *Scientific Name:** Brugmansia candida
• *Common Family Name:** Nightshade family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Solanaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine
• *Clinical Signs:** Mydriasis, dry mouth, tachycardia, hypertension, urine retention, hallucination, seizures

Question 6

Akee

Answer 6

• *Common Name:** Akee
• *Scientific Name:** Blighia sapida
• *Common Family Name:** Soapberry family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Sapindaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Hypoglycin A (amino acid), Hypoglycin B (dipeptide)
• *Clinical Signs:** Severe hypoglycemia, vomiting and diarrhea

Question 7

Air Potato

Answer 7

• *Common Name:** Air potato
• *Scientific Name:** Dioscorea bulbifera
• *Common Family Name:** Yam family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Dioscoreaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Alkaloids, saponins, oxalates
• *Clinical Signs:** Stinging, burning and swelling of the mouth and tongue, underground tuber has been fatal to pigs

Question 8

Anthurium, Flamingo Plant

Answer 8

• *Common Name:** Anthurium, Flamingo Plant
• *Scientific Name:** Anthurium spp.
• *Common Family Name:** Arum family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Araceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Insoluble calcium oxalates
• *Clinical Signs:** Irritation of lips, mouth, throat, vomiting

Question 9

Alsike clover

Answer 9

• *Common Name:** Alsike clover
• *Scientific Name:** Trifolium hybridum
• *Common Family Name:** Pea family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Fabaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Unknown toxin that causes liver damage only in horses
• *Clinical Signs:** Signs of hepatogenic photosensitization and hepatic encephalapathy in horses only

Question 10

Aralia

Answer 10

• *Common Name:** Aralia
• *Scientific Name:** Polyscias spp.
• *Common Family Name:** Ginseng family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Araliaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Alkylating agent, irritant saponins
• *Clinical Signs:** Skin irritation, tachycardia, mydriasis, and seizure

Question 11

Arrowhead vine, Nephtytis

Answer 11

• *Common Name:** Arrowhead vine, Nephtytis
• *Scientific Name:** Syngonium podophyllum
• *Common Family Name:** Arum family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Araceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Insoluble calcium oxalates
• *Clinical Signs:** Irriation of lips, mouth, throat, vomiting

Question 12

Agave

Answer 12

• *Common Name:** Agave
• *Scientific Name:** Agave spp.
• *Common Family Name:** Agave family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Agavaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Insoluble calcium oxalates
• *Clinical Signs:** Irritation of lips, mouth, throat, vomiting

Question 13

Balsam apple

Answer 13

• *Common Name:** Balsam apple
• *Scientific Name:** Momordica charantia
• *Common Family Name:** Cucumber family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Cucurbitaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Alkaloid in leaves, seeds and unripe fruits, purgative oil in seeds, steroid glycoside in ripe fruits
• *Clinical Signs:** Alkaloid is cathartic, oil is purgative, glycoside is hypoglyemic

Question 14

Bay laurel

Answer 14

• *Common Name:** Bay laurel
• *Scientific Name:** Laurus nobilis
• *Common Family Name:** Laurel family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Lauraceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Essential oil
• *Clinical Signs:** Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild GI sgin

Question 15

Black Nightshade

Answer 15

• *Common Name:** Black nightshade
• *Scientific Name:** Solanum nigrum
• *Common Family Name:** Nightshade family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Solanaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Solanine and solanidine alkaloids
• *Clinical Signs:** Vomiting, mydriasis, drowsiness

Question 16

Blue rattleweed

Answer 16

• *Common Name:** Blue rattleweed
• *Scientific Name:** Crotalaria verrucosa
• *Common Family Name:** Pea family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Fabaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
• *Clinical Signs:** Liver damage, hepatic photosensitization, hepatogenic encephalopathy

Question 17

Bracken Fern

Answer 17

• *Common Name:** Bracken fern
• *Scientific Name:** Pteridium aquilinum
• *Common Family Name:** Bracken fern family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Pteridiaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Ptaquiloside glycoside, thiaminase
• *Clinical Signs:** Ptaquiloside causes aplastic anemia in cattle and sheep, enzootic bovine hematuria due to neoplasm in urinary tract; tumors of the upper digestive tract and retinal damage in sheep; thimainase causes vitamin B1 deficiency resulting in neurotoxicity in monkeys

Question 18

Bloodberry

Answer 18

• *Common Name:** Bloodberry
• *Scientific Name:** Rivina humulis
• *Common Family Name:** Pokeweed family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Phytolaccaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Triterpenoid saponins
• *Clinical Signs:** Direct irritation of the GI mucosa and GI signs

Question 19

Borage

Answer 19

• *Common Name:** Borage
• *Scientific Name:** Borago spp.
• *Common Family Name:** Borage family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Boraginaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
• *Clinical Signs:** Chronic consumption causes liver damage, hepatogenic encephalopathy, death

Question 20

Butterfly Weed

Answer 20

• *Common Name:** Butterfly weed
• *Scientific Name:** Asclepias curassavica
• *Common Family Name:** Milkweed family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Asclepiadaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Cardiac glycosides
• *Clinical Signs:** Severe GI signs, dilated pupils, convulsions, respiratory signs, cardiac arrest

Question 21

Barbados lily, Fire lily

Answer 21

• *Common Name:** Barbados lily, Fire lily
• *Scientific Name:** Hippeastrum puniceum
• *Common Family Name:** Amaryllis family
• *Scientific Family Name:** Amaryllidaceae
• *Main toxic Principle:** Lycorine (phenanthridine alkaloid) in bulb
• *Clinical Signs:** GI signs, paralysis, collapse