Plants Flashcards
List the 4 characteristics of plants.
-Autotrophs, eukaryotic, contain many cells (multicellular), surrounded by cell walls
The cell wall contains ____, a material that makes the____.
_Cellulose___
_cell walls rigid___.
List 2 other structures a plant cell contains.
Chloroplasts & Vacuole
Why would a plant wilt?
A plant wilts when too much water has left its vacuoles.
What is the adaptation that helps them retain water?
Plants have a waxy waterproof layer called the cuticle that covers the leaves and helps them retain water.
How does a vascular plant live in a dry area?
Vascular plants with true vascular tissue are better suited to a life in a dry area because the vascular tissue solves the problems of transport, moving materials quickly, and efficiently through the plant’s body allowing them to live in a dry area.
Why are biologists able to infer that ancient green algae were the ancestors of today’s land plants?
Biologists have been able to infer that ancient green algae were the ancestors of today’s land plants because the chlorophyll found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria they contain the same chlorophyll that ancient plants had contained.
What are the 2 stages of in the life cycle of a plant?
Sporophyte & gametophyte
What raw materials do plants need to complete photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
.What are the products of photosynthesis?
Sugar and oxygen
Explain how phloem works in the plant.
Phloem is vascular tissue through which food moves. Food enters the phloem and travels down to other parts of the plant.
Explain how xylem works in the plant.
Xylem transports water and minerals to all parts of the plant. It moves upward from the roots.
Why does the embryo need to use stored food?
The embryo cannot go through photosynthesis while covered by soil so the embryo must use the stored food to grow until it reaches the surface. Once it reaches the surface it can start the process of making its own food (photosynthesis).
List the 3 functions of roots.
Roots anchor a plant in the ground, absorb water and minerals from the soil, and sometimes store food.
What is the importance of root hairs? Hint: 2 things
Root hairs help the plant absorb large amounts of substances, and help anchor the plant in the soil.
What are the 2 main functions of stems?
The stem carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves. The stem also provides support for the plant and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.
What is the function of a leaf?
Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis.
Explain the function of stomata for a leaf.
Stomata open and close to control when gases such as oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide enter and leave the leaf.
Why are seed of gymnosperms referred to as “naked”?
Because they are not enclosed by a protective fruit
What are three characteristics of gymnosperms?
Every gymnosperm produces naked seeds. Many gymnosperms have needle-like or scalelike leaves, and deep-growing root systems.
What are three characteristics of angiosperms?
All angiosperms produce flowers, produce seeds that are enclosed in fruits, and live almost everywhere on earth.
What flower part develops into a fruit?
The ovary
