Plants Flashcards
What is a protenema?
A mass of tangled green filaments.
What is the name of the female and male gametophyte structures in bryophytes
Archegonia - female
Antheridia - male
Why do bryophytes not have true roots, stems and leaves?
Because their structures don’t contain vascular tissues. They must draw up water by osmosis.
True or false: the zygote is the beginning of the gametophyte stage of the life cycle
False. It is the beginning of the sporophyte(2N) life cycle.
What does the sporophytes capsule contain?
Spores (N). Haploid reproductive structures that develop by mitosis.
What are the three groups of seedless vascular plants?
Horsetails, club mosses and ferns.
What are roots?
Underground organs that absorb water and minerals
What are leaves?
Photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue.
What are stems?
Supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them.
Bundles of vascular tissue is gathered into …?
Veins made of xylem and phloem.
What is the difference between rhizomes and rhizoids?
Rhizomes are underground stems that connect ferns; rhizoids are root-like structures that anchor bryophytes to the ground and absorb water and nutrients.
What are the leaves of ferns called?
Fronds.
What stage of the fern’s life cycle is the dominant stage?
Diploid sporophyte stage.
Ferns’ spores develop on the underside of their fronds in tiny containers called 1)_________. These containers are grouped into clusters called 2)_______.
1) sporangia. Singular : sporangium.
2) sori.
What is the primary difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Gymnosperms bear their seeds on the surface while angiosperms have their seeds covered within a layer of tissue (fruit).
True or false: seed plants require water for reproduction.
False. They have cones or flowers, the transfer of sperm by pollination, and the protection of embryos in seeds.
What are the seed-bearing structures of seed plants?
Cones and flowers.
The male gametophyte is contained in a tiny structure called a …
Pollen grain.
How is the pollen grain carried to the female reproductive structure ?
By wind, insects or small animals.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the femal reproductive structure is called pollination.
What is the difference between a seed and a spore.
Seed: diploid; protective covering; surrounded by nutrient rich solution; female reproductive structure;
Spore: haploid; unicellular; reproduces by mitosis.
What are the four groups of gymnosperms?
Gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes and conifers.
What is the most common gymnosperm?
Conifers.
What is a fruit?
It has a wall of tissue surrounding the seed.
What is a flower?
A female reproductive organ that contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds.
What are advantages of developing the fruit?
When an animal it’s a fruit seeds from the corn fruit generally enter the animals digestive system by the time the seeds have leave the digestive system the animal may have traveled many kilometers by using free to check animals flowering plants increase the range is they inhabit spreading seeds over hundreds of square kilometres.
What are the two classes within the angiosperms?
Monocots and dicots.
What are monocots and dicots named after?
They are named after the number of seed leaves they have. Monocots have one while dicots have two.
What is the first leaf or the first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant?
A cotelydon.
What is pollen drop?
Sticky secretion on the scales of female cones that ensures pollen grains stay on the female come.
What structure of the flower enclosed the bud before it opens, and protects the flower while it is developing?
sepal.
What is the function of the petals?
Brightly coloured structures found just inside the sepal. They attract insects and other pollinators to the flower. They do not produce reproductive cells.
What is the stamen?
The male parts of the flower ; the anther and filament.
What is the structure that has a long, thin stalk that supports an anther?
The filament.
What is the function of an anther?
An oval sac where meiosis takes place, produces haploid male gametophytes- pollen grain.
What are the innermost parts of a flower that produce the female gametophytes?
Carpels (pistils)
What is an ovary?
At the base of the style that contains one or more ovules where female gametophytes are produced.
What is the stalk-like structure that the diameter of the carpel narrow into ?
Style.
What is the stigma?
Stick portion at the top of the style where pollen grain frequently lands.
What is the product of the two polar nuclei and the sperm cell fusing?
Triploid endosperm.
How are most gymnosperms and some angiosperms pollinated?
By wind.
