plants Flashcards
cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata; regulate the flow of water vapor from leaf tissue.
guard cells
in seed plants, structure in which the male gametophyte develops; consists of sperm cells, nutrients, and a protective outer covering.
pollen grain
responsive movement of a plant not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
nastic movement
plants that do not have vascular tissues.
nonvascular plants
plants that have vascular tissues; enables taller growth and survival on land.
vascular plants
tissues found in vascular plants composed of tubelike, elongated cells through which water, food, and other materials are transported throughout the plant; include xylem and phloem.
vascular tissues
a plant organ of seed plants consisting of an embryo, a food supply, and a protective coat; protects the embryo from drying out and also can aid in dispersal.
seed
beginning of the development of an embryo into a new plant.
germination
chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part, where it causes a physiological change.
hormone
class of anthophytes that have one seed leaf.
monocotyledon
class of anthophytes that have two seed leaves.
dicotyledon
female reproductive organ of a flower.
pistil
flowering plant response to differences in the length of day and night.
photoperiodism
food storage tissue in an anthophyte seed that supports development of the growing embryo.
endosperm
growth response of a plant to an external stimulus.
tropism
haploid spore formed by some plants that develops into a female gametophyte.
megaspore
haploid spore formed by some plants that develops into a male gametophyte.
microspore
in plants, the bottom portion of a flower’s pistil that contains one or more ovules each containing one egg.
ovary
in plants, the loss of water through stomata.
transpiration
in plants, the outmost layer of flattened cells that covers and protects all parts of the plant.
epidermis
in seed plants, structure surrounding the developing female gametophyte; forms the seed after fertilization.
ovule
leaflike flower organs, usually brightly colored structures at the top of a flower stem.
petals
leaflike, usually green structures encircle the top of a flower stem below the petals.
sepals
male reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and a filament.
stamen
openings in leaf tissues that control gas exchange.
stomata
period of inactivity in a mature seed prior to germination.
dormancy
plant hormone that promotes the ripening of fruits.
ethylene
plant organ that absorbs water and minerals usually from soil; contains vascular tissues; anchors plants; can be a storage organ.
root
plant organ that provides support and growth; contains tissues that transport food, water, and other materials; organ from which leaves grow.
stem
pollen-producing structure located at the tip of a flower’s stamen.
anther
seed-containing ripened ovary of an anthophyte flower; may be fleshy or dry.
fruit
structure of seed plant embryo that stores or absorbs food for the developing embryo.
cotyledons
the opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube enters.
micropyle
the plant organ that grows from a stem in which photosynthesis usually occurs.
leaf
the young diploid sporophyte of a plant.
embryo
vascular plant tissue composed of tubular cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
xylem
vascular plant tissue made up of tubular cells joined end to end; transports sugars to all parts of the plant.
phloem
group of plant hormones that promote cell elongation
auxins
