plants Flashcards
What is the seed structure of monocots?
One cotyledon
Monocots have a single seed leaf.
What type of leaf venation do dicots exhibit?
Reticulate (branched) venation
Dicots have a network of veins in their leaves.
In what multiples do monocot flowers typically appear?
Multiples of three (3, 6, or 9)
This refers to the arrangement of floral parts.
What type of root system do dicots have?
Taproot system
This system features a main root that grows deeper into the soil.
What are vascular bundles?
Arrangements of xylem and phloem tissue
They transport water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant.
What is the primary function of xylem?
Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
Xylem is essential for water movement in plants.
True or False: Phloem transports food bidirectionally.
True
Phloem can move nutrients both up and down the plant.
What are companion cells responsible for?
Provide metabolic support to sieve tube elements
They assist in the transport of sugars and nutrients.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a protective outer layer of leaf cells.
Epidermis
The epidermis serves as a barrier against environmental factors.
What is the function of stomata in leaves?
Allow gas exchange and water vapor escape
Stomata are crucial for photosynthesis and transpiration.
What is root pressure?
Pressure generated in roots from active transport of minerals
It causes water to move upward through the plant.
What does the mass flow theory explain?
Movement of sucrose and nutrients in phloem
It describes the process of nutrient transport from sources to sinks.
What structure protects the root as it grows through soil?
Root cap
The root cap is crucial for root development.
What is the primary function of the stem?
Support and transport
Stems hold leaves and reproductive organs while moving nutrients.
What is phototropism?
Growth in response to light
Plants bend toward light sources due to this response.
What do auxins do in plant growth?
Promote cell elongation and root formation
Auxins are involved in various growth responses.
Fill in the blank: _______ promotes stem elongation and seed germination.
Gibberellins
This hormone plays a key role in plant growth.
What do cytokinins stimulate?
Cell division and shoot formation
They are important for growth and development in plants.
True or False: Ethylene is a gaseous hormone involved in leaf abscission.
True
Ethylene regulates processes like fruit ripening and leaf shedding.
What is the main role of the lateral meristem?
Responsible for secondary growth (width)
Lateral meristems are found in vascular and cork cambium.
