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Knowing the body > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

1
Q

apical meristem

A

the growing point in a vascular plant at the tip of a shoot or root where cell division occurs

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2
Q

diplontic

A

describes a life cycle in which the diploid
stage is the dominant stage

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3
Q

gametangium

A

(plural: gametangia) the structure within
which gametes are produced

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4
Q

gametophyte

A

the haploid plant that produces gametes

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5
Q

haplodiplontic

A

describes a life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages alternate; also known as an alternation of generations life cycle

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6
Q

haplontic

A

describes a life cycle in which the haploid
stage is the dominant stage

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7
Q

heterosporous

A

having two kinds of spores that give rise to male and female gametophytes

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8
Q

homosporous

A

having one kind of spore that gives rise to
gametophytes that give rise to both male and female gametes

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9
Q

nonvascular plant

A

a plant that lacks vascular tissue formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients

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10
Q

sporangium

A

(plural: sporangia) the organ within which
spores are produced

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11
Q

sporophyte

A

the diploid plant that produces spores

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12
Q

syngamy

A

the union of two gametes in fertilization

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13
Q

vascular plant

A

a plant in which there is a network of cells that conduct water and solutes through the organism

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14
Q

What characteristic of Charales would enable
them to survive a dry spell?

  1. sperm with flagella
  2. phragmoplasts
  3. sporopollenin
  4. chlorophyll a
A

C

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15
Q

Which one of these characteristics is present in land plants and not in Charales?

  1. alternation of generations
  2. flagellated sperm
  3. phragmoplasts
  4. plasmodesmata
A

A

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16
Q

To an alga, what is the main advantage of
producing drought-resistant structures?

A

It allows for survival through periodic droughts and colonization of environments where the supply of water fluctuates.

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17
Q

streptophytes

A

group that includes green algae and land
plants

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18
Q

The event that leads from the haploid stage to
the diploid stage in alternation of generations is
________.
1. meiosis
2. mitosis
3. fertilization
4. germination

A

C

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19
Q

The land plants are probably descendants of
which of these groups?
1. green algae
2. red algae
3. brown algae
4. angiosperms

A

A

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20
Q

Moss is an example of which type of plant?
1. haplontic plant
2. vascular plant
3. diplontic plant
4. seed plant

A

A

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21
Q

What adaptations do plants have that allow them to survive on land?

A

The sporangium of plants protects the spores from drying out. Apical meristems ensure that a plant is able to grow in the two directions required to acquire water and nutrients: up toward sunlight and down into the soil. The multicellular embryo is an important adaptation
that improves survival of the developing plant in dry environments. The development of molecules that gave plants structural strength allowed them to grow higher on land and obtain more sunlight. A waxy cuticle prevents water loss from aerial surfaces.

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22
Q

extant

A

still living, still existing

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23
Q

phyla

A

taxonomic category

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24
Q

taxon

A

name given to a group of one or more populations of a given species. not every taxon is equal to the name of a species specifically

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25
Q

Which of the following statements about
the moss life cycle is false?
1. The mature gametophyte is haploid.
2. The sporophyte produces haploid spores.
3. The rhizoid buds to form a mature
gametophyte.
4. The zygote is housed in the venter.

A

C

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26
Q

Which of the following structures is not found
in bryophytes?
1. a cellulose cell wall
2. chloroplast
3. sporangium
4. root

A

D – has rhizoids but no roots. roots = vascular = developed/evolved. By definition Bryophytes are the closest extant relatives to early terrestial plants

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27
Q

Stomata appear in which group of plants?
1. Charales
2. liverworts
3. hornworts
4. mosses

A

C

28
Q

The chromosome complement in a moss
protonema is:
1. 1n
2. 2n
3. 3n
4. varies with the size of the protonema

A

A

29
Q

Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra?
1. They grow better at cold temperatures.
2. They do not require moisture.
3. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.
4. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

A

C

30
Q

In areas where it rains often, mosses grow on roofs. How do mosses survive on roofs without soil?

A

Mosses absorb water and nutrients carried by the rain and do not need soil because they do not derive much nutrition from the soil.

31
Q

What are the three classes of bryophytes?

A

The bryophytes are divided into three phyla: the liverworts or Hepaticophyta, the hornworts or Anthocerotophyta, and the mosses or true Bryophyta

32
Q

capsule

A

case of the sporangium in mosses

33
Q

gemma

A

(plural, gemmae) leaf fragment that spreads for asexual reproduction – liverworts speciefically

34
Q

hornworts

A

group of non-vascular plants in which
stomata appear ( abundant) + have horn-like sporophytes

35
Q

liverworts

A

most primitive group of the non-vascular
plants - + deets

36
Q

mosses

A

group of bryophytes in which a primitive
conductive system appears

37
Q

peristome

A

tissue that surrounds the opening of the
capsule and allows periodic release of spores – dont get confused with sporellenin

38
Q

protonema

A

tangle of single celled filaments that forms from the haploid spore before developing into gametophyte for mosses – it hugs the ground

39
Q

rhizoids

A

anchors the plant and conducts water (present especially in lower plants) – located on the underside of the thallus - small hairlike structure, filamentous - ancestors to roots

40
Q

seta

A

stalk that supports the capsule in mosses

41
Q

Lower plants

A

plants that have simple structure and reproductive processes – Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)

42
Q

sporophylls vs strobili

A

sporophylls: leaves that are sturcutred to bear sporangia [entity that produces spores]

strobili: entity that harbours sporangia

sporophyl = the leaf – strobilli = ontop of the leaf

43
Q

Which is the most diverse group of seedless
vascular plants?
1. the liverworts
2. the horsetails
3. the club mosses
4. the ferns

A

d

44
Q

Which group are vascular plants?
1. liverworts
2. mosses
3. hornworts
4. ferns

A

D

45
Q

How did the development of a vascular system contribute to the increase in size of plants?

A

It became possible to transport water and nutrients through the plant and not be limited by rates of diffusion. Vascularization allowed
the development of leaves, which increased efficiency of photosynthesis and provided more energy for plant growth.

46
Q

phloem

A

the vascular tissue responsible for transport of sugars, proteins, and other soluteS

47
Q
A
48
Q

sporophyll

A

a leaf modified structurally to bear sporangia

49
Q

xylem

A

the vascular tissue responsible for long- distance transport of water and nutrients

50
Q

Which of the following traits characterizes
gymnosperms?
1. The plants carry exposed seeds on
modified leaves.
2. Reproductive structures are located in a flower.
3. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit.
4. The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.

A

A

51
Q

Megasporocytes will eventually produce which
of the following?
1. pollen grain
2. sporophytes
3. male gametophytes
4. female gametophytes

A

D

52
Q

What is the ploidy of the following structures:
gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte?
1. 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n
2. 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n
3. 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n
4. 2n, 2n, 1n, 1n

A

B

53
Q

integument

A

Layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the
megasporangium, and later, the embryo

54
Q

megasporocyte

A

megaspore mother cell; larger spore that
germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

55
Q

microsporocyte

A

microsporocyte

56
Q

If a flower lacked a megasporangium,
what type of gamete would not form? If the
flower lacked a microsporangium, what type of
gamete would not form?

A

Without a megasporangium, an egg
would not form; without a microsporangium, pollen would not form.

57
Q

Which of the following structures in a flower is
not directly involved in reproduction?
1. the style
2. the stamen
3. the sepal
4. the anther

A

C

58
Q

Pollen grains develop in which structure?
1. the anther
2. the stigma
3. the filament
4. the carpel

A

A

59
Q

In the course of double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg and the second one fuses with ________.
1. the synergids
2. the polar nuclei of the center cell
3. the egg as well
4. the antipodal cells

A

B

60
Q

What are the two structures that allow
angiosperms to be the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems?

A

Angiosperms are successful because of flowers and fruit. These structures protect reproduction from variability in the environment.

61
Q

anther

A

sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced

62
Q

carpel

A

single unit of the pistil – unit of female reproduction

63
Q

perianth

A

part of the plant consisting of the calyx
(sepals) and corolla (petals) – sterile

64
Q
A
65
Q
A

Knowing the body (1 decks)

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