Plants Flashcards
1
Q
Bryophytes
A
- Non - Vascular Seedless Plants
- Dominant Gen : Gametophytes
- Plant body lacks true roots, stems or leaves
Examples : Moss
2
Q
Pteridophytes
A
- Vascular Seedless Plants
- Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
Examples : Ferns
3
Q
Gymnosperms
A
- Vascular Seed Plants
- Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
Examples : Trees
4
Q
Angiosperms
A
- Vascular, Flowering Seed Plants
- Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
Examples : Flowers
5
Q
Stigma
A
- Knob at the top of the Pistil
Function : Helps with collecting pollen
6
Q
Style
A
- Stalk that supports the Stigma
Function : Assists with fertilization by being the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg
7
Q
Pistil
A
- Inside the style
- Supports the style and sigma
Function : The ovule producing part of the flower
8
Q
Ovary
A
- Enlarges basal portion of the pistil
Function : Contains the Ovule
9
Q
Stamen
A
- Surrounds the Pistil
Function : Produces the pollen for the flower
10
Q
Anther
A
- On top of the Stamen
Function : The part of the Stamen where pollen is produced
11
Q
Filament
A
- Thin stalk supporting the Anther in the male portion of the flower
Function : Holds the Anther up
12
Q
Petal
A
- Bright leaves radiating around the ovary
Function : They attract pollinators
13
Q
Angiosperm life cycle
A
- Embryo Growth
- Seed germination
- Sporophyte growth
- Flowering
- Fruit Production
14
Q
Ovule
A
- Inside the ovary of the flower
Function : Produces and houses egg cells
15
Q
Sepal
A
- Outer parts of a (usually green leaves below where the bud was
Function : Protect both flowers and fruits by producing chemicals used to ward of predators
16
Q
Receptacle
A
- Part of the flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached
Function : To connect the stalk to the flower / Support the flower
17
Q
Peduncle
A
- The stalk of the flower
Function : Supports the flower
18
Q
Monocot
A
- Fibrous Roots
- Parallel Leaf Veins
- Flower petals in multiples of 3
- Vascular tissue is scattered
19
Q
Dicot
A
- Tap roots
- Vascular tissue is in a ring
- Net - Like Leaf Veins
- Flower petals in multiples of 5 - 6
20
Q
Importance of plants
A
For humans : Plants provide us with food, fiber, shelter, medicine and fuel.
For ecosystem : They are the critical base of food chains in nearly all ecosystems
21
Q
Gametophyte Generation
A
Definition - The sexual phase in the life cycles of plants
22
Q
Sporophyte Generation
A
Definition - The phase that produces haploid spores by means of meiosis
23
Q
Sporophytes
A
- Sporophytes are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes
24
Q
Gametophytes
A
Gametophytes are haploid meaning they have one set of chromosomes.
25
Q
Which Transport processes are critical to ensure the survival of the plant?
A
- Sugars made by photosynthesis are carried to all other living cells
by the phloem - Water and dissolved minerals
are taken from the ground and
brought to all cells by the xylem
26
Q
Diffusion
A
- The process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient
27
Q
Osmosis
A
- The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
28
Q
Root Pressure
A
- Water enters the roots by osmosis drawn by the higher concentration of dissolved nutrients
- Water creates positive pressure as it enters the intercellular spaces and pushes upward in the xylem
- Minerals move across membrane by active transport
- The “push” of water and minerals is aided by the
adhesion (sticking) of water molecules to the xylem cell
walls.
29
Q
Transpiration Pull
A
- As the water is being pulled up the plant by
transpiration, cohesion (attraction between water
molecules), and adhesion (attraction between water
molecules and xylem walls), more water enters the
roots - The strong pull against gravity can transport water up
to 100 m vertically.
30
Q
Translocation
A
- The transport of
sucrose (made from the glucose
product of photosynthesis) and
other organic molecules through
the phloem. - Moves nutrients
wherever they are needed for
growth, metabolism, or storage - Sucrose moves down to the roots for winter storage and
back up to the trunk and branches in the spring - The compounds move quickly through the conducting
cells (sieve tube elements) in the phloem
31
Q
Pressure - Flow model
A
- Hypothesizes how sucrose moves
from a source (where sugars are produced) to a sink (where
sugars are used or stored) - Sucrose moves into the phloem from the source and increases in
concentration - Water moves into the phloem through osmosis. Pressure in the
phloem increases - A pressure gradient between the source and the sink
causes a flow of solution through the phloem. Water
moves in and out of the phloem according to the
concentration. Positive pressure at the source pushes
the solution from the source to the sink - Sucrose is removed from the phloem at the sink
tissue. Water also moves out and pressure decreases
