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Biology 11U > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Bryophytes

A
  • Non - Vascular Seedless Plants
  • Dominant Gen : Gametophytes
  • Plant body lacks true roots, stems or leaves
    Examples : Moss
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2
Q

Pteridophytes

A
  • Vascular Seedless Plants
  • Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
    Examples : Ferns
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3
Q

Gymnosperms

A
  • Vascular Seed Plants
  • Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
    Examples : Trees
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4
Q

Angiosperms

A
  • Vascular, Flowering Seed Plants
  • Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
    Examples : Flowers
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5
Q

Stigma

A
  • Knob at the top of the Pistil
    Function : Helps with collecting pollen
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6
Q

Style

A
  • Stalk that supports the Stigma
    Function : Assists with fertilization by being the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg
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7
Q

Pistil

A
  • Inside the style
  • Supports the style and sigma
    Function : The ovule producing part of the flower
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8
Q

Ovary

A
  • Enlarges basal portion of the pistil
    Function : Contains the Ovule
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9
Q

Stamen

A
  • Surrounds the Pistil
    Function : Produces the pollen for the flower
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10
Q

Anther

A
  • On top of the Stamen
    Function : The part of the Stamen where pollen is produced
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11
Q

Filament

A
  • Thin stalk supporting the Anther in the male portion of the flower
    Function : Holds the Anther up
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12
Q

Petal

A
  • Bright leaves radiating around the ovary
    Function : They attract pollinators
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13
Q

Angiosperm life cycle

A
  1. Embryo Growth
  2. Seed germination
  3. Sporophyte growth
  4. Flowering
  5. Fruit Production
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14
Q

Ovule

A
  • Inside the ovary of the flower
    Function : Produces and houses egg cells
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15
Q

Sepal

A
  • Outer parts of a (usually green leaves below where the bud was
    Function : Protect both flowers and fruits by producing chemicals used to ward of predators
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16
Q

Receptacle

A
  • Part of the flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached
    Function : To connect the stalk to the flower / Support the flower
17
Q

Peduncle

A
  • The stalk of the flower
    Function : Supports the flower
18
Q

Monocot

A
  • Fibrous Roots
  • Parallel Leaf Veins
  • Flower petals in multiples of 3
  • Vascular tissue is scattered
19
Q

Dicot

A
  • Tap roots
  • Vascular tissue is in a ring
  • Net - Like Leaf Veins
  • Flower petals in multiples of 5 - 6
20
Q

Importance of plants

A

For humans : Plants provide us with food, fiber, shelter, medicine and fuel.
For ecosystem : They are the critical base of food chains in nearly all ecosystems

21
Q

Gametophyte Generation

A

Definition - The sexual phase in the life cycles of plants

22
Q

Sporophyte Generation

A

Definition - The phase that produces haploid spores by means of meiosis

23
Q

Sporophytes

A
  • Sporophytes are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes
24
Q

Gametophytes

A

Gametophytes are haploid meaning they have one set of chromosomes.

25
Q

Which Transport processes are critical to ensure the survival of the plant?

A
  • Sugars made by photosynthesis are carried to all other living cells
    by the phloem
  • Water and dissolved minerals
    are taken from the ground and
    brought to all cells by the xylem
26
Q

Diffusion

A
  • The process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient
27
Q

Osmosis

A
  • The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
28
Q

Root Pressure

A
  • Water enters the roots by osmosis drawn by the higher concentration of dissolved nutrients
  • Water creates positive pressure as it enters the intercellular spaces and pushes upward in the xylem
  • Minerals move across membrane by active transport
  • The “push” of water and minerals is aided by the
    adhesion (sticking) of water molecules to the xylem cell
    walls.
29
Q

Transpiration Pull

A
  • As the water is being pulled up the plant by
    transpiration, cohesion (attraction between water
    molecules), and adhesion (attraction between water
    molecules and xylem walls), more water enters the
    roots
  • The strong pull against gravity can transport water up
    to 100 m vertically.
30
Q

Translocation

A
  • The transport of
    sucrose (made from the glucose
    product of photosynthesis) and
    other organic molecules through
    the phloem.
  • Moves nutrients
    wherever they are needed for
    growth, metabolism, or storage
  • Sucrose moves down to the roots for winter storage and
    back up to the trunk and branches in the spring
  • The compounds move quickly through the conducting
    cells (sieve tube elements) in the phloem
31
Q

Pressure - Flow model

A
  • Hypothesizes how sucrose moves
    from a source (where sugars are produced) to a sink (where
    sugars are used or stored)
  • Sucrose moves into the phloem from the source and increases in
    concentration
  • Water moves into the phloem through osmosis. Pressure in the
    phloem increases
  • A pressure gradient between the source and the sink
    causes a flow of solution through the phloem. Water
    moves in and out of the phloem according to the
    concentration. Positive pressure at the source pushes
    the solution from the source to the sink
  • Sucrose is removed from the phloem at the sink
    tissue. Water also moves out and pressure decreases

Biology 11U (6 decks)

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