Plantae Vocabulary

Question 1

Alternation of generations

Answer 1

Also known as (metagenesis)- The life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae , that have distinct haploid sexual and diploid asexual stages. The haploid spores germinate and grow into haploid gametophyte.

Question 2

Angiosperms

Answer 2

A plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel. They include herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and most trees.

Question 3

Antheridia

Answer 3

The male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other nonflowering plants.

Question 4

Apical meristems

Answer 4

Tissue found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants. Main function to trigger the growth of the new cells in young seedlings at the the tips of roots and shoots and forming buds

Question 5

Archegonia

Answer 5

The female sex organ of mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers.

Question 6

Bifacial vascular cambium

Answer 6

Part of secondary growth, this results in the plant growing wider.
(produces new xylem on its interior and new phloem on its exterior side.) All woody plants and most eudicots have a vascular cambium.

Question 7

Carpel

Answer 7

Female reproductive organ of flower, consisting of a ovary, stigma, and usually a style.

Question 8

Companion cell

Answer 8

A specialized cell located in the phloem of flowering plants and closely associated with the development and function of a sieve-tube element.

Question 9

Determinate growth

Answer 9

growth in which the main stem ends in an inflorescence. Stops growing.

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Paired chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 11

Double fertilization

Answer 11

Two sperm cells, one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei that form the endosperm.

Question 12

Embryo

Answer 12

Early stage of development of a multicellular organism.

Question 13

Flower

Answer 13

Its function is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.

Question 14

Fruit

Answer 14

Mature, ripened ovary. Ovary is the ovule bearing reproductive structure in the plant flower.

Question 15

Gametangia

Answer 15

Organ which gamates are produced in many multicellular protists, algae, fungi, and the gametophyte of plants. Its a haploid structure and the formation of gametes does not involve meiosis.

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

Organisms’s reproductive cells. Sex cells.

Question 17

Gametophyte

Answer 17

the sexual phase (or an individual representing that phase) in the alternation of generations.

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes.

Question 19

Heterospory

Answer 19

Producing two types of spores differing in size and sex, male microspore and the female megaspore which develop into separate male and female gametophytes. All seed-bearing plants, as well as some ferns and other seedless plants are heterosporous.

Question 20

Homospory

Answer 20

Characterizes plants that produce spores that are all the same size. (Bryophytes and most seedless vascular plants).

Question 21

Hornwort

Answer 21

group of bryophytes (non-vascular plants) The flattened green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte.

Question 22

Endosperm

Answer 22

Tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants after fertilization.

Question 23

Indeterminate growth

Answer 23

The main stem continues to elongate indefinitely without being limited by a terminal florescence or other reproductive structure.

Question 24

Lateral meristems

Answer 24

One of two meristems in vascular plants in which secondary growth occurs, resulting in the increase of the stem girth.

Question 25

Megagametophyte

Answer 25

The female gametophyte that develops from megaspores of heterosporous plants.

Question 26

Megaphyll

Answer 26

large type of leaf produced by ferns and seed plants

Fronds or ferns and the leaves of gymnosperms and angiosperms are megaphylls.

Question 27

Megaspore

Answer 27

Also called macrospores, a type of spore that is present in heterosporous plants. The megaspore germinates into a female gametophyte, which produces egg cells.

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

Single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.

Question 29

Meristem

Answer 29

Formative plant tissue usually made up of small cells capable of dividing indefinitely and giving rise to similar cells or to cells that differentiate to produce the definitive tissues and organs.

Question 30

Microgametophyte

Answer 30

The male gametophyte that develops from microspores of heterosporous plants. The pollen grains of gymnosperms and angiosperms are microgametophytes.

Question 31

Microphyll

Answer 31

A type of plant leaf with one single, unbranched leaf vein. They occur in angiosperms, gymnosperms, and fronds or ferns.

Question 32

Microspore

Answer 32

land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes, whereas megaspores develop into female gametophytes. Male gametophyte gives rise to sperm cells which are used for fertilization of an egg to form a zygote.

Question 33

Mitosis

Answer 33

A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 34

Ovary

Answer 34

They secrete hormones, protect the eggs of a female and they release eggs for possible fertilization.

Question 35

Petal

Answer 35

Modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of the flowers. Made to attract pollinators all of the petals of a flower are called corolla.

Question 36

Phloem

Answer 36

Tissues in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
components: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells.

Question 37

Plasmodesmata

Answer 37

Narrow channels that act as intercellular cytoplasmic bridges to facilitate communication and transport of materials between plant cells.

Question 38

Poikilohydry

Answer 38

lack of ability to maintain and/or regulate water content to achieve homeostasis of the cells and tissue connected with quick equilibration of cell/tissue water content to that of the environment.

Question 39

Pollen

Answer 39

creation made by seed plants- responsible for the production of the male gametes of the plant.

Question 40

Primary growth

Answer 40

rapidly-dividing cells in the apical meristems at the shoot tip and root tip. Enables plants to continuously seek water (roots) or sunlight (shoots)

Question 41

Root

Answer 41

part of a plant goes downward and holds the plant in place, absorbs water and minerals from the solid, and often stores food.

Question 42

Secondary growth

Answer 42

It is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant. Seed plants have secondary growth and make seeds.
Secondary xylem is wood. Bifacial vascular cambium.

Question 43

Seed

Answer 43

Embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with stored food.

Question 44

Sepal

Answer 44

Protection for the flower in bud and often as support for the petals when in bloom.

Question 45

Sieve tube

Answer 45

A tube of an end-to-end series of thin-walled living plant cells characteristic of phloem and held to function in translocation of organic solutes.

Question 46

Sori

Answer 46

Brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located in the lower surface of the fern leaves.

Question 47

Sporangium

Answer 47

A structure where spores are produced.

Question 48

Spore

Answer 48

One-celled reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion.

Question 49

Sporophyte

Answer 49

It develops from an embryo resulting from the union of two gametes.

Question 50

Stamen

Answer 50

Male reproductive organs of flowering plants. Consist of an anther and filament, the site of pollen development.

Question 51

Stomata

Answer 51

tiny pore in the surface of the leaf that is used for gas exchange. Covered in tiny pores that allow them to take in carbon dioxide for use in photosynthesis and expel their waste oxygen. Only liverworts lack stomata.

Question 52

Thallus

Answer 52

Plant body of algae, fungi, Lichens, and other lower organism. It lacks true roots and vascular system.

Question 53

Tracheid

Answer 53

Primitive element of xylem, consisting of single elongated cell with pointed ends and a secondary cellulosic wall thickened with lignin, no perforations in the primary cell wall.

Question 54

Vessel element

Answer 54

Elongated water conducting cell in xylem, one of the two kinds of treachery elements. The cells die when mature, leaving only their lignified cell walls. Vessel elements are only found in angiosperms.

Question 55

Waxy cuticle

Answer 55

Covers the outermost tissue of a plant. The cuticle is secreted, and it helps prevent water loss and infection by parasites.

Question 56

Xylem

Answer 56

Vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides physical support. Cells are known as tracheary elements.

Question 57

Zygote

Answer 57

Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes, a fertilized ovum.