Plantae Phylogeny

Question 1

Plantae

Answer 1

Plasmodesmata, retention of egg

Question 2

Embryophytes

Answer 2

Waxy cuticle, zygote retained, alt. generations, airborne spores, dependent sporophyte

Question 3

Liverworts

Answer 3

Male + Female parts on separate stalked structures

Question 4

Mosses

Answer 4

Elongate sporophyte with cap like sporangia brown non-photosynthetic

Question 5

Hornworts

Answer 5

Elongate persistently green sporophyte with indeterminate grown b/c meristem at the base

Question 6

Tracheophytes (vascular plants)

Answer 6

Vascular tissue, sporophyte dominance, roots (although extinct group Rhyniophytes had vascular BUT no roots)

Question 7

Lycophytes

Answer 7

Microphylls, vascular seedless plants

strobili, dichotomous branching

Question 8

Scileginella

Answer 8

Convergent evolution of Heterospory two kinds of spores

mostly in gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 9

Euphyllophytes

Answer 9

Megaphylls, overtopping, lateral branching, DNA chloroplast inversion

Question 10

Ferns

Answer 10

Fiddleheads, sori

Question 11

Equisitum / Horsetail

Answer 11

whorled reduced leaves, strobili, hollow

Question 12

Psilotum/ Wisk fern

Answer 12

yellow balls of sporangia
No roots (resembles rhyniophytes extinct but convergent evo with inversion)

Question 13

Angio + Gynosperm

Answer 13

seeds, pollen, BVC, heterospory, ovules, secondary growth, dependent sporophyte

Question 14

Ginko

Answer 14

Tree, dioecious, 2-lobed megaphylls, fleshy/smelly seed coat

Question 15

Cycads

Answer 15

Dioecious,large compound megaphylls

Question 16

Conifers

Answer 16

tree, monoecious, large/woody ovulate cone, smaller/soft pollen cone, modified/ narrow megaphylls, resin ducts

Question 17

Gnetophtes

Answer 17

Dioecious, paired, opposite megaphylls

Question 18

Angiosperms

Answer 18

Flowers, fruit, double fertilization, triploid endosperm