Plant Transport

Question 1

the two transport tissues in the plant are what?

Answer 1

• phloem

- xylem

Question 2

what is phloem made from and what does it carry?

Answer 2

• made from living cells which form pathways

- carries sugars from leaves to flowers in a process called translocation

Question 3

what is xylem made of and what does it transport?

Answer 3

• xylem is made from dead cells which form tubes through the plant
• carries water and mineral ions

Question 4

where can xylem and phloem be found in woody plants ie trees

Answer 4

xylem - most of tree centre

phloem - ring just beneath bark

Question 5

what happens if a plant doesn’t get enough water

Answer 5

• when the vacuole is full of water it presses the cytoplasm against the cell wall and the cell becomes turgid
• without water the plant will wilt/droop

Question 6

what is the apparatus used to measure the rate of transpiration?

Answer 6

potometer

Question 7

define transpiration

Answer 7

the loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant, through the stomata

water leaves the cells of the leaf and evaporates into air spaces, then moves into the environment by diffusion

Question 8

what is the transpiration stream?

Answer 8

the constant stream of water being drawn up through the roots to the leaves

Question 9

what factors affect the rate of transpiration (and why)

Answer 9

• rate of photosynthesis
  (more photosynthesis = more
  open stomata)
• temperature
  (higher temperature = more particle energy)
• humidity
  (higher humidity = lower concentration
  gradient)
• wind speed
  (wind blows moist air away from leaf)

Question 10

name two adaptations plants have to photosynthesise while losing minimum water

Answer 10

• waxy cuticle to prevent loss of water through surface of leaf
• stomata on underside of leaf to avoid direct sunlight
• can close stomata

Question 11

how does wilting prevent water loss?

Answer 11

decreases surface area