Plant Tissues Flashcards
- Derived from shoot and root apical
- primary tissues
Primary Plant Body (Herbaceous Body)
- Plant that never becomes woody
- lives >1yr
Herb
- derived from meristems other than apical meristems
- secondary tissues (wood & bark)
Secondary plant body (woody body)
Has primary tissues at its root and tips
Secondary tissues arise inside the primary tissues
Woody plant
Group of cells that perform specific function
Tissues
Classification based on stage of development
Embryonic / meristematic
Permanent
Actively dividing development
Meristematic
Classification based on composition
Simple (one type)
Complex (diss. Types)
Meristematic classification based on: INITIATING CELLS (origin)
Primary meristem
Secondary mersitem
Promeristem (primordial meristem)
Meristematic classification based on: position in the plant body (location)
Apical (length)
Intercalary (elongation)
Lateral (thickness)
Meristematic classification based on: FUNCTION
Protoderm (dermatogen) - epidermis/dermal tissue system
Procambium (plerome) - primary vascular tissue
Fundamental/ground (periblem) - ground tissue
No longer dividing
Stable cells
Permanent Tissues
Types of permanent tissues
Simple permanent tissues
Complex permanent tissue
Classified based on the nature of the cell wall
One type of cells
Dermal/protective/ground/fundamental
Simple Permanent tissue
Vascular
Diff kinds of calls but similar function
Complex permanent tissue
Mass of parenchyma cells
Soft parts of the plant
Parenchyma Tissue
Thin walls / Large Vacuole
Alive at maturity
Subtypes specialized for tasks
Most common
Parenchyma cells
Parenchyma cell: involved in photosynthesis
Chlorenchyma cells
Parenchyma cells: short distance transport of material
Transfer calls
Parenchyma cells: secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins and oils
Glandular cells
Parenchyma cells: Large intercellular spaces, specializes in gas exchange
Aerenchyma
Mass of collenchyma cells
Collenchyma tissue
Unevenly thickened primary walls
Alive at maturity
PLASTICITY
Shoot tips and young petioles
Collenchyma cells
Mass of Sclerenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma tissues
Lignified primary nd secondary walls
Dead at maturity
ELASTICITY
Water transport
Scelerenchyma cells
Inflexible and brittle hard impenetrable surfaces
Sclereids (stone cells)
FLEXIBLE
Elongates as the internode length increas
Resists insects
Fibers
Common source for paper and linen cloth
Flax fibers
Water conducting cells
Movement of water in pits
Tracheids
Large perforation for easy water movement
Vessel Elements
Outermost surface of herbaceous stem
Protection, material regulation
Encrusted w CUTIN
Guard cells, trichomes, root hairs
Epidermis (simple dermal parenchyma)
Guard + stomatal pore =
Stoma / stomata
Epidermis: serves as WATER RESERVOIR
Accessory cells
Epidermis: longitudinal rows of VACUOLATED CELLS
Bulliform cells
For the ELONGATION of the epidermal cell outward
Epidermal hair
Epidermal outgrowths/hairs
Trichomes
Outer covering of WOODY stems
Suberin
Produced by the cork cambium
NO INTERCELLULAR SPACES
Cork/ Phellem
Vascular tissue system
Xylem
Phloem
Brings water and mineral salts from root to plant
Xylem
Complex tissue: Moves food
Phloem
Xylem consists of :
Tracheids, vessels, xylem parechyma, xylem fibres
Xylem: stores water and minerals
Xylem parenchyma
Phloem consists of:
Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres
Phloem: transports food from leaves to all parts of the plant
Sieve tubes, companion cells
Phloem: stores food
Phloem parenchyma
processes by which distinct cell types arise from precursor cells
Differentiation
