Plant Tissues

Question 1

Where does cell division occur in plants

Answer 1

Meristematic tissue

Question 2

Name 3 meristems that develop from the apical meristem

Answer 2

Photoderm- gives rise to dermal tissue
Ground meristem- ground tissue
Procambium- vascular tissue

Question 3

What do lateral meristems do

Answer 3

Produce tissue that increase the girth of roots and side branches-secoundary growth

Question 4

Name the 2 types of lateral meristems

Answer 4

Vascular cambium- produces secondary tissues that function in support and conduction

Cork cambium- in woody plants only, lies outside the vascular cambium and inside the inner bark, produces secondary tissues

Question 5

What type of tissues are produced by meristems

Answer 5

Simple tissues = parenchyma, collenchyma,sclerenchyma

Complex tissues= xylem,phloem,epidermis,periderm

Question 6

What are intercalary meristems

Answer 6

Add to stem length in grasses and related plants that don’t have vascular or cork cambium

Question 7

Describe parenchyma tissue

Answer 7

Composed of parenchyma cells
Found in alll major parts of higher plants
Spherical at first, think pliable walls
As cells push up, wall flattened at points
Most have 14 sides and large vacuole

Question 8

Name 3 specialised parenchyma cells

Answer 8

Aerenchyma cells -trapping air with extensive intercellular spaces, floats
Chlorenchyma- contain chloroplasts-pho
Transfer cells-develop irregular extensions of inner wall, increased s/a, transfers dissolved substances between adjacent plant cells

Question 9

Describe collenchyma tissue

Answer 9

Flexible support for leaves and floral parts.

Alive, thicker cell wall, just beneath epidermis, longer than wide.

Question 10

Describe sclerenchyma tissue

Answer 10

Thick,rough secondary walls,contains lignin.
Dead @maturity
Function in support.

Question 11

Name 2 forms of sclerenchyma

Answer 11

Scleroids

Fibres

Question 12

What are the three basic complex tissues present in plants

Answer 12

Dermal- covers putter surface. Epidermal and parenchyma tissue.

Ground- simple/complex, parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma

Vascular- transport food and water.

Question 13

What are complex tissues composed off ?

Answer 13

Apical meristems and vascular cambium.

Question 14

What does the xylem consist of?

Answer 14

Parenchyma cells
Fibres
Vessels
Trachieds 
Ray cells.

Question 15

What is the function of vessels

Answer 15

Allows liquid to continue to flow

Question 16

Tracheids

Answer 16

Tapered at each end, each overlap with another tracheid.
Ind. cells dead at maturity.
No perforation plate- pits instead where two tracheids meet.

Question 17

What are pits ?

Answer 17

Areas with no secondary cell walls which allows water to pass from cells to cells.

Boarded pits contain a cell membrane and a thickened region. This can help control the passage of water.

Question 18

What is the function of rays

Answer 18

Lateral conduction and food storage in plants.

Parenchyma cells, produced in horizontal rows in vascular cambium by ray initials.

Question 19

What is the composition of phloem

Answer 19

Sieve tube members
Companion cells
Fibres 
Parenchyma
Ray cells

Question 20

What is the function of companion cells

Answer 20

Work in conjunction with sieve tube members to conduct food throughout the plant.

Question 21

Explain sieve tube protection

Answer 21

The lining contains callose, which stays in solution as long as the cell contents are under pressure. If the plant is injured the callose precipitates to the nearest sieve plate which forms a callose plug to prevent leaking and damage

Question 22

What is the composition of dermal tissue

Answer 22

Pavement cells
Guard cells
Parenchyma

Question 23

Function of ground tissues

Answer 23

Parenchyma- pho in leaves, storage in roots

Collenchyma- support in areas of active growth

Sclerenchyma- shoot support in areas where growth has ceased.