Plant tissue culture Flashcards
What is plant tissue culture?
The process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs on an artificial nutrient medium in a sterile laboratory environment.
Totipotency
The ability of a single parent cell to grow, divide, and differentiate into an entire plant.
Root apical meristems
Produces the root cap.
Shoot apical meristems
Produces stems and leaves, and reproductive structures.
Auxins
Plant hormone stimulates cell division and promotes cell growth and elongation of the plant.
Cytokinins
Regulates the plant cell cycle and numerous development processes.
Zeatin: naturally occurring.
Gibberellins
Diterpenoid growth regulators, promotes growth of callus and cell cultures. involved in germination, induce cell enlargement, and prevents dwarfing/stunting.
Abscisic acid
General growth inhibitor, induces dormancy, inhibits seed germination, leaves/fruit/flowers, plays a role in stomatal closure and induces somatic embryogenesis.
Ethylene
Controls fruit ripening, unwanted in plant tissue culture, and gas exchange is very important.
Explant
Plant part introduction into vitro culture,
Callus culture
Undifferentiated, dividing mass of cells
Plant regeneration
Can be dedifferentiated, somatic embryos,
Cell culture ( cell suspension)
Liquid medium, constant agitation, uniform distribution of cells, and allows gas exchange.
Cell culture ( protoplasts)
Cell wall removed enzymatically, can be isolated from cell suspension, fragile, can undergo fusion, can be transformed.
Uses for tissue culture
Creation and regneration of transgenic plants
sterile culture from seed
micropropagation
production of pathogen free plants
haploid plants
