Plant Taxonomy Flashcards by Tang Yun

Amaryllidaceae

Amaryllis/onion family
Angiosperm, monocot
From bulbs or rhizomes
Flowers: epigynous, umbels, 6 stamens, 1 pistil with 3 carpels 
E.g. onion, daffodils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anthocerotophyta

Phylum
Hornworts
Non-vascular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Araceae

Arum family
Angiosperm, monocot
Flowers: hypogynous, borne on spadix, subtended by a bract called spathe
Leaves: large sheathing petioles
E.g. swiss cheese plant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arecaceae

Palm family
Angiosperm, monocot
Apex of stem has a large meristem
Flowers: sessile, actinomorphic, 3 sepals and petals, 3 carpels, 6 stamens in 2 whorls, 
Leaves: pinnate in terminal crown
E.g. coconut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asteraceae

Sunflower family (2nd largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: called pseudanthium, densely aggregated and surrounded by bracts, disk flowers with microscopic sepals, petals, stamens, pistils form the inflorescence
E.g. sunflower, dandelion, dahlia, chrysanthemum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bromeliaceae

Bromeliad family
Angiosperm, monocot
Epiphytic herbs
Flowers: inflorescence terminal, coloured bracts, 3 distinct or basally fused calyx and corolla, 6 stamens, 1 compound pistil with 3 carpels, style with 3 stigmas
Leaves: alternate spiral, concave leaves for water collection
E.g. pineapple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bryophyta

Phylum
Mosses
Non-vascular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brassicaceae

Mustard family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: hypogynous, actinomorphic, 4 sepals, 4 petals arranged in X or H, 1 compound pistil with 2 carpels, 2 short stamens and 4 long stamens
Leaves: alternate
E.g. cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cucurbitaceae

Gourd family
Angiosperm, dicot
Herbaceous plants
Climbing or trailing vines
Flowers: unisex, actinomorphic, frequently 3-6 lobed sympetalous corolla, 1 compound pistil with 2-5 carpels, one style, inferior ovary
Leaves: alternate, usually palmately 5-lobed or divided
E.g. cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Crassulaceae

Orpine/stonecrop family
Angiosperm, dicot
CAM photosynthesis discovered here

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cactaceae

Cactus family
Angiosperm, dicot
CAM photosynthesis
Flowers: solitary, perfect, actinomorphic, epigynous (inferior ovary), numerous tepals, infinite stamens, 1 compound pistil with many carpel
Leaves: spines
E.g. dragon fruit, queen of the night

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyperaceae

Sedge family
Angiosperm, monocot
Triangular stems
Flowers: small perfect arranged in spikelets, have bristles hairs or scales, 1 bract
Leaves: alternate, 3-ranked
E.g. papyrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cycadophyta

Phylum
Cycads
Vascular, gymnosperm
Dioecious
Pinnately palm-like compound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Euphorbiaceae

Spurge family (4th largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Have milky coloured latex that is poisonous
Flowers: imperfect, usually monoecious, staminate flowers often have a single stamen, pistillate flowers have a single pistil with 3 carpels
Leaves: usually alternate simple, sometimes spines
Fruit: many have elastic schizocarps
E.g. tapioca, rubber, castor bean

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fabaceae

Legume family (3rd largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: zygomorphic, 9 stamens fused and a single stamen, large upper petal above lateral ones
Leaves: alternate compound
E.g. pea, snapdragon, raintree

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fagaceae

Beech/oak family
Angiosperm, dicot
Evergreen and deciduous
Alternate simple leaves
Dioecious 4-calyxed flowers

Ginkgophyta

Phylum
Ginkgo (ginkgo biloba—last extant species)
Vascular, gymnosperm
Deciduous, dioecious
Fan-shaped leaves

Lamiaceae

Mint family 
Angiosperm, dicot
Squarish stems
Flowers: zygomorphic, fused calyx of 5 sepals, fused 2 lobed upper and 3 lobed lower petals, 2 or 4 stamens joined to corolla, 1 compound pistil of 2 carpels
Leaves: simple opposite
E.g. mint, peppermint, basil, thyme

Liliaceae

Lily family
Angiosperm, monocot
Perennial herbs from rhizones, bulbs or fleshy roots
Flowers: hypogynous, actinomorphic, perfect, 6 distinct tepals, 6 stamens, 1 compound pistil with 3 carpels
E.g. lily, tulip

Lycopodiophyta

Phylum
Club mosses
Vascular, spore-producing
Under Pteridophyta

Marchantiophyta

Phylum
Liverworts
Non-vascular

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia family
Flowers: perfect, actinomorphic, 6 tepals/3 sepals and 6 petals arranged in 2 whorls, many helically arranged stamens and simple pistils
Leaves: simple alternate
E.g. avocado, magnolia

Magnoliophyta

Phylum

Angiosperms

Malvaceae

Mallow family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: 5 sepals and petals (attached to stamens), actinomorphic (?), monadelphous (united by filaments) stamens, superior ovary of > carpels with partition walls
Leaves: alternate simple, usually palmately lobed, palmately veined
E.g. cotton, durian, hibiscus

Moraceae

``` Mulberry family Angiosperm, dicot Trees or shrubs with milky sap Flowers: imperfect, no petals, may have 4-5 tepals, pistil of 2 carpels, often 4 stamens Leaves: simple alternate, stipulated E.g. mulberry, figs ```

Myrtaceae

Myrtle family Angiosperm, dicot Flowers: actinomorphic; 4-5 sepals and petals, many prominent stamens, at least half inferior ovary Leaves: evergreen, mainly simple opposite E.g. eucalyptus, guava

Orchidaceae

Orchid family (largest angiosperm fam) Angiosperm, monocot Terrestrial or epiphytic Stem thickened at base forming pseudobulbs Flowers: zygomorphic, epigynous, 3 petals (2 normal and 1 labellum) and 3 sepals E.g. vanilla, orchid

Polypodiopsida

Phylum Horsetails and ferns Vascular, spore-producing Under Pteridophyta

Pinophyta

``` Phylum Conifers Vascular, gymnosperm Monoecious Monopodial growth (single straight trunk with side branches; strong apical dominance) Wind-pollinated ```

Poaceae

Grass family (4th largest angiosperm fam) Angiosperm, monocot Flowers: small wind-pollinated spikelets, feathery stigma, consist of many overlapping bracts and florets Leaves: alternate, consist of sheath, ligule and blade E.g. maize, corn, rice, barley

Ranunculaceae

``` Buttercup family Angiosperm, dicot Mostly herbaceous Flower: perfect, actinomorphic, 5 sepals and petals, hypogynous (superior ovary), many helically arranged stamens and simple pistils on elongated receptacle Leaves: simple compound E.g. traveller’s joy, buttercup ```

Rosaceae

``` Rose family Angiosperm, dicot Flowers: perfect, actinomorphic, perigynous (half inferior ovary), 5 sepals and petals, numerous stamens in multiples of 5, 1 to many carpels that can be joined Leaves: alternate simple or compound E.g. rose, plums, cherries ```

Rubiaceae

``` Coffee family Angiosperm, dicot Flowers: perfect, sympetalous (petals united along their margins) corolla Leaves: simple opposite E.g. coffee, ixora ```

Solanaceae

``` Nightshade family Angiosperm, dicot Most r poisonous Flowers: hypogynous, perfect, calyx of 5 fused sepals, corolla of 5 fused petals, 1 compound pistil of 2 carpels, 5 stamens E.g. tobacco, capsicum, chilli ```