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SBO > Plant Taxonomy > Flashcards

Plant Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Amaryllidaceae

A 
Amaryllis/onion family
Angiosperm, monocot
From bulbs or rhizomes
Flowers: epigynous, umbels, 6 stamens, 1 pistil with 3 carpels 
E.g. onion, daffodils
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2
Q

Anthocerotophyta

A

Phylum
Hornworts
Non-vascular

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3
Q

Araceae

A 
Arum family
Angiosperm, monocot
Flowers: hypogynous, borne on spadix, subtended by a bract called spathe
Leaves: large sheathing petioles
E.g. swiss cheese plant
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4
Q

Arecaceae

A 
Palm family
Angiosperm, monocot
Apex of stem has a large meristem
Flowers: sessile, actinomorphic, 3 sepals and petals, 3 carpels, 6 stamens in 2 whorls, 
Leaves: pinnate in terminal crown
E.g. coconut
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5
Q

Asteraceae

A

Sunflower family (2nd largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: called pseudanthium, densely aggregated and surrounded by bracts, disk flowers with microscopic sepals, petals, stamens, pistils form the inflorescence
E.g. sunflower, dandelion, dahlia, chrysanthemum

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6
Q

Bromeliaceae

A

Bromeliad family
Angiosperm, monocot
Epiphytic herbs
Flowers: inflorescence terminal, coloured bracts, 3 distinct or basally fused calyx and corolla, 6 stamens, 1 compound pistil with 3 carpels, style with 3 stigmas
Leaves: alternate spiral, concave leaves for water collection
E.g. pineapple

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7
Q

Bryophyta

A

Phylum
Mosses
Non-vascular

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8
Q

Brassicaceae

A

Mustard family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: hypogynous, actinomorphic, 4 sepals, 4 petals arranged in X or H, 1 compound pistil with 2 carpels, 2 short stamens and 4 long stamens
Leaves: alternate
E.g. cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower

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9
Q

Cucurbitaceae

A

Gourd family
Angiosperm, dicot
Herbaceous plants
Climbing or trailing vines
Flowers: unisex, actinomorphic, frequently 3-6 lobed sympetalous corolla, 1 compound pistil with 2-5 carpels, one style, inferior ovary
Leaves: alternate, usually palmately 5-lobed or divided
E.g. cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon

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10
Q

Crassulaceae

A

Orpine/stonecrop family
Angiosperm, dicot
CAM photosynthesis discovered here

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11
Q

Cactaceae

A 
Cactus family
Angiosperm, dicot
CAM photosynthesis
Flowers: solitary, perfect, actinomorphic, epigynous (inferior ovary), numerous tepals, infinite stamens, 1 compound pistil with many carpel
Leaves: spines
E.g. dragon fruit, queen of the night
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12
Q

Cyperaceae

A 
Sedge family
Angiosperm, monocot
Triangular stems
Flowers: small perfect arranged in spikelets, have bristles hairs or scales, 1 bract
Leaves: alternate, 3-ranked
E.g. papyrus
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13
Q

Cycadophyta

A 
Phylum
Cycads
Vascular, gymnosperm
Dioecious
Pinnately palm-like compound
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14
Q

Euphorbiaceae

A

Spurge family (4th largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Have milky coloured latex that is poisonous
Flowers: imperfect, usually monoecious, staminate flowers often have a single stamen, pistillate flowers have a single pistil with 3 carpels
Leaves: usually alternate simple, sometimes spines
Fruit: many have elastic schizocarps
E.g. tapioca, rubber, castor bean

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15
Q

Fabaceae

A

Legume family (3rd largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: zygomorphic, 9 stamens fused and a single stamen, large upper petal above lateral ones
Leaves: alternate compound
E.g. pea, snapdragon, raintree

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16
Q

Fagaceae

A 
Beech/oak family
Angiosperm, dicot
Evergreen and deciduous
Alternate simple leaves
Dioecious 4-calyxed flowers
17
Q

Ginkgophyta

A 
Phylum
Ginkgo (ginkgo biloba—last extant species)
Vascular, gymnosperm
Deciduous, dioecious
Fan-shaped leaves
18
Q

Lamiaceae

A 
Mint family 
Angiosperm, dicot
Squarish stems
Flowers: zygomorphic, fused calyx of 5 sepals, fused 2 lobed upper and 3 lobed lower petals, 2 or 4 stamens joined to corolla, 1 compound pistil of 2 carpels
Leaves: simple opposite
E.g. mint, peppermint, basil, thyme
19
Q

Liliaceae

A

Lily family
Angiosperm, monocot
Perennial herbs from rhizones, bulbs or fleshy roots
Flowers: hypogynous, actinomorphic, perfect, 6 distinct tepals, 6 stamens, 1 compound pistil with 3 carpels
E.g. lily, tulip

21
Q

Lycopodiophyta

A

Phylum
Club mosses
Vascular, spore-producing
Under Pteridophyta

22
Q

Marchantiophyta

A

Phylum
Liverworts
Non-vascular

22
Q

Magnoliaceae

A

Magnolia family
Flowers: perfect, actinomorphic, 6 tepals/3 sepals and 6 petals arranged in 2 whorls, many helically arranged stamens and simple pistils
Leaves: simple alternate
E.g. avocado, magnolia

23
Q

Magnoliophyta

A

Phylum

Angiosperms

24
Q

Malvaceae

A

Mallow family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: 5 sepals and petals (attached to stamens), actinomorphic (?), monadelphous (united by filaments) stamens, superior ovary of > carpels with partition walls
Leaves: alternate simple, usually palmately lobed, palmately veined
E.g. cotton, durian, hibiscus

25
Q

Moraceae

A 
Mulberry family
Angiosperm, dicot
Trees or shrubs with milky sap
Flowers: imperfect, no petals, may have 4-5 tepals, pistil of 2 carpels, often 4 stamens
Leaves: simple alternate, stipulated
E.g. mulberry, figs
26
Q

Myrtaceae

A

Myrtle family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: actinomorphic; 4-5 sepals and petals, many prominent stamens, at least half inferior ovary
Leaves: evergreen, mainly simple opposite
E.g. eucalyptus, guava

27
Q

Orchidaceae

A

Orchid family (largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, monocot
Terrestrial or epiphytic
Stem thickened at base forming pseudobulbs
Flowers: zygomorphic, epigynous, 3 petals (2 normal and 1 labellum) and 3 sepals
E.g. vanilla, orchid

28
Q

Polypodiopsida

A

Phylum
Horsetails and ferns
Vascular, spore-producing
Under Pteridophyta

29
Q

Pinophyta

A 
Phylum
Conifers
Vascular, gymnosperm
Monoecious
Monopodial growth (single straight trunk with side branches; strong apical dominance)
Wind-pollinated
30
Q

Poaceae

A

Grass family (4th largest angiosperm fam)
Angiosperm, monocot
Flowers: small wind-pollinated spikelets, feathery stigma, consist of many overlapping bracts and florets
Leaves: alternate, consist of sheath, ligule and blade
E.g. maize, corn, rice, barley

31
Q

Ranunculaceae

A 
Buttercup family
Angiosperm, dicot
Mostly herbaceous
Flower: perfect, actinomorphic, 5 sepals and petals, hypogynous (superior ovary), many helically arranged stamens and simple pistils on elongated receptacle
Leaves: simple compound
E.g. traveller’s joy, buttercup
32
Q

Rosaceae

A 
Rose family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: perfect, actinomorphic, perigynous (half inferior ovary), 5 sepals and petals, numerous stamens in multiples of 5, 1 to many carpels that can be joined
Leaves: alternate simple or compound
E.g. rose, plums, cherries
33
Q

Rubiaceae

A 
Coffee family
Angiosperm, dicot
Flowers: perfect, sympetalous (petals united along their margins) corolla
Leaves: simple opposite
E.g. coffee, ixora
34
Q

Solanaceae

A 
Nightshade family
Angiosperm, dicot
Most r poisonous
Flowers: hypogynous, perfect, calyx of 5 fused sepals, corolla of 5 fused petals, 1 compound pistil of 2 carpels, 5 stamens
E.g. tobacco, capsicum, chilli

SBO (1 decks)

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