plant systems Flashcards
what is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
what is the stomata used for?
gas exchange
what is chlorophyll?
A green pigment in the chloroplasts
what is the purpose of chlorophyll?
absorb light energy for photosynthesis
where do plants get carbon dioxide from?
atmosphere and stomata
where do plants get water from?
the ground through roots
what are the transport systems in plants?
xylem and phloem
what is the purpose of roots?
anchor vascular plants to the soil, absorb minerals and water, and often store glucose
what is the name of the small projection on roots?
root hairs
what is the purpose of root hairs?
increase surface area for absorption of water
what is the name of the central root called?
taproot
what is the function of the xylem?
transports water and soluble minerals such as nitrogen and sulfur from the roots to the leaves
what directions can water and mineral travel in the xylem?
unidirectional, one direction only
structure of the xylem?
- Consists of dead cells (lose their horizontal cell walls and vertical cell wall join together)
- Thick, strengthened cellulose cell wall
- Hollow
what are the xylem vessels thicken by
lignin
what is the term for water molecules sticking together
cohesion
what is the term for water molecules sticking to the walls of the xylem?
adhesion
what were xylem cells before they died?
normal plant cells
how does water move up the xylem
− loss of water at the leaves (transpiration)
− this applies TENSION to the SINGLE column of water in the xylem
− the column of water moves up as one as the water particles stick together, COHESION
how do plants ‘cool down’
humans produce sweat to cool down while plants just transpire water from the roots to cool down
Why are the walls of the xylem so thick?
they must be thick enough to withstand the force of adhesion and to keep the xylem open and the plant upright
