Plant structures, Physiology, Nutrition, Reproduction, Fertilizers Flashcards
The ____________ is normally under the ground and is responsible for anchoring the plant and supplying water and nutrients.
ROOT SYSTEM
The________, or trunk, is normally above the ground and functions as a support system for the rest of the aboveground parts.
STEM
________ come in many sizes, colors, and shapes and function as the seed-producing parts of the plant
FLOWERS
The ________ cells are responsible for carrying the water and nutrients in the soil to the upper portion of the plant. This tissue is in leaves, stems, and roots.
XYLEM
The ________ cells function as the pipeline to carry the manufactured food/glucose down from the leaves to other plant parts, including the roots, where it is used or stored.
PHLOEM
________ are thickened, underground stems that store carbohydrates. We often eat an example of this type of stem, the Irish potato.
TUBERS
The male part of the flower is the ________.
STAMEN
The female part of the flower is the ________.
PISTIL
____________ is the union of the pollen with the stigma.
POLLINATION
Plant ____________ is the study of how plant organ’s function and the complex chemical processes that permit a plant to live, grow, and reproduce.
PHYSIOLOGY
____________ is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light and chlorophyll into glucose, oxygen, and water.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
____________ is a simple sugar and contains the building blocks for other nutrients.
GLUCOSE
Photosynthesis occurs best in a temperature range of ________ degrees Fahrenheit
65-85
____________ is a process by which living cells (plant or animal) take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. This occurs both day and night.
RESPIRATION
____________ is a swollen or stiffened condition in stems and leaves as a result of the plant cells being filled with a liquid. When the plant does not have enough water, this pressure is lost, and the plant becomes wilted.
TURGOR
____________ is the process by which a plant gives up water vapor to the atmosphere, and it takes place through the stoma.
TRANSPIRATION
____________ is the process by which water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
OSMOSIS
A ____________ membrane will allow certain substances to pass through, whereas others cannot
SEMI-PERMEABLE
There are ____ elements essential for plant growth.
16
____________ is responsible for the vegetative growth of the plant and its dark green color.
NITROGEN
____________ is important for the growth of seedlings and young plants, and it helps the plants develop good root systems. Symptoms of deficiency are reduced growth, poor root systems, and purpling of the foliage.
PHOSPHOROUS
____________ deficiency will appear as reduced growth or shortened internodes and sometimes as marginal burn or scorching (brown leaf edges).
POTASSIUM
____________ is where the stem is girdled with two cuts about 1 inch apart. The bark is removed, the wound is dusted with a rooting hormone and is surrounded with damp sphagnum moss, and plastic is wrapped around the moss packed wound.
AIR-LAYERING
____________ is a procedure for joining two plant parts together, so they grow as one.
GRAFTING
The ____________, or stock, will provide the new plant’s root system and will supply the plant with nutrients and water.
ROOTSTOCK
The ____________ is where the two parts, the scion and rootstock, meet.
GRAFT UNION
____________ is a popular type of bud graft in which a vertical cut about a quarter inch long is made on the rootstock. A horizontal cut is made at the top of the vertical cut, resulting in a T-shape.
T-BUDDING
____________ is a relatively new method of plant propagation, also called micropropagation. A small actively growing part of the plant is used, and the result is many new plantlets may be obtained from a section of a leaf.
TISSUE-CULTURE
The three fertilizer elements found on a label, in order, are ____________, ____________, and ____________.
NITROGEN, PHOSPHOROUS, and POTASSIUM.
The K on a fertilizer label represents ____________.
POTASSIUM
A fertilizer bag labeled as 20-10-5 that weighs 50 pounds has ________lbs. of Nitrogen.
TEN
A fertilizer labeled as 5-5-10 has ______ percent inert material.
80
Fertilizer labels will be ____________ (what color) if they have been treated with a pesticide
YELLOW
Fertilizer labels in Florida are written in ________ languages.
TWO
