Plant structure, growth and reproduction Flashcards
What are the 2 types of anchorage and support of root systems?
- Adventitious verus tap root
- Buttress roots
What root organ helps absorb and conduct water and minerals?
root hairs by increasing surface area
What is stored in roots?
food and water
What are the 4 organs of the root system?
- primary tap root
- secondary lateral roots
- root hairs
- root cap
What are the 3 types of specialized/modified roots?
- aerial: prop roots, strangling
- pneumatophores
- buttress
What are the 5 shoot system organs?
- stem
- leaves
- fruit
- flower
- buds
What are the 3 types of modified stems?
- stolons
- rhizomes
- tubers
What are the 4 types of modified leaves?
- spines
- tendrils
- reproductive
- strorage
What are the 3 types of plant tissues?
- vascular
- dermal
- ground
Dermal tissue
-epidermis
-cuticle
-periderm
-guard cells
What does vascular tissue transport?
-water
-minereals
-sugars
-hormones
Where is ground tissue found?
-pith
-cortex
Parenchyma Cells
-most abundant cell type
-function in photosynthesis, storage, secretion
Collenchyma cells
-elongated living cells
-found in stems, petioles, veins
-function is support
Sclerenchyma cells
-found in tissues needing maximum support
-cells are dead
-function primarily in support some in transport
What are the 2 types of sclerenchyma cells?
- trachied
- sclerids
Xylem
-tracheids, vessel elements
-sclerechyma cells
Phloem
-food conducting cells
-companion cells
Where does primary growth happen?
meristems
Apical Meristems
located
-tips of roots
-terminal buds
-axillary buds of shoots
What is responsible for primary growth?
apical meristems, they are always dividing
What type of cells do apical meristems make for dermal tissue?
protoderm
What type of cells do apical meristems make for ground tissue?
ground meristems
What type of cells do apical meristems make for vascular tissue?
procambrium
