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BIO 102 test 2 > Plant structure, growth and reproduction > Flashcards

Plant structure, growth and reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of anchorage and support of root systems?

A
  1. Adventitious verus tap root
  2. Buttress roots
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2
Q

What root organ helps absorb and conduct water and minerals?

A

root hairs by increasing surface area

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3
Q

What is stored in roots?

A

food and water

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4
Q

What are the 4 organs of the root system?

A
  1. primary tap root
  2. secondary lateral roots
  3. root hairs
  4. root cap
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of specialized/modified roots?

A
  1. aerial: prop roots, strangling
  2. pneumatophores
  3. buttress
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6
Q

What are the 5 shoot system organs?

A
  1. stem
  2. leaves
  3. fruit
  4. flower
  5. buds
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of modified stems?

A
  1. stolons
  2. rhizomes
  3. tubers
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8
Q

What are the 4 types of modified leaves?

A
  1. spines
  2. tendrils
  3. reproductive
  4. strorage
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of plant tissues?

A
  1. vascular
  2. dermal
  3. ground
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10
Q

Dermal tissue

A

-epidermis
-cuticle
-periderm
-guard cells

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11
Q

What does vascular tissue transport?

A

-water
-minereals
-sugars
-hormones

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12
Q

Where is ground tissue found?

A

-pith
-cortex

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13
Q

Parenchyma Cells

A

-most abundant cell type
-function in photosynthesis, storage, secretion

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14
Q

Collenchyma cells

A

-elongated living cells
-found in stems, petioles, veins
-function is support

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15
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

-found in tissues needing maximum support
-cells are dead
-function primarily in support some in transport

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of sclerenchyma cells?

A
  1. trachied
  2. sclerids
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17
Q

Xylem

A

-tracheids, vessel elements
-sclerechyma cells

18
Q

Phloem

A

-food conducting cells
-companion cells

19
Q

Where does primary growth happen?

A

meristems

20
Q

Apical Meristems

A

located
-tips of roots
-terminal buds
-axillary buds of shoots

21
Q

What is responsible for primary growth?

A

apical meristems, they are always dividing

22
Q

What type of cells do apical meristems make for dermal tissue?

A

protoderm

23
Q

What type of cells do apical meristems make for ground tissue?

A

ground meristems

24
Q

What type of cells do apical meristems make for vascular tissue?

A

procambrium

25
Q

What is produced in secondary growth?

A

lateral meristems that form the vascular and cork cambium that increase gurth

26
Q

What is the first organ to emerge in primary growth?

A

the root cap

27
Q

What is the apical meristem responsible for in primary growth?

A

-zone of cell division
-region of stem cells

28
Q

What is the zone of elongation for?

A

to elongate cells and push meristems forward

29
Q

What does the zone of maturation do in primary growth?

A

-new root growth by mitosis

30
Q

What are the 3 types of cells that are formed with the zone of maturation (differentiation)?

A
  1. paren
  2. collen
  3. scieren
31
Q

What is a stele?

A

the zylem and phloem together are termed this

32
Q

Euidicot root

A

xylem is in a starlike pattern with phloem between the arms

33
Q

Monocot root

A

a core of parenchyma cells is surrounded by rings of xylem and phloem (circle in the middle with a ring of circles in it)

34
Q

In stems what are lateral shoots developed from?

A

axillary buds

35
Q

In an eudicot root how are the vascular bundles arranged?

A

arranged in a ring

36
Q

In a monocot stem are are the vascular bundles arranged?

A

the bundles are scattered and look like spider man faces
the phloem is the forehead and the xylem is the eyes

37
Q

Heartwood in secondary wood

A

no longer transport

38
Q

Sapwood in secondary wood

A

still transport material

39
Q

Hardwoods

A

angiosperm

40
Q

Softwood

A

gymnosperm

BIO 102 test 2 (4 decks)

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