Plant Structure

Question 1

Term used for flowering plants

Answer 1

angiosperms

Question 2

two types of angiosperms

Answer 2

monocots and dicots

Question 3

2 main systems of the plant body that are important to survival

Answer 3

root system and shoot system

Question 4

the shoot system consists of?

Answer 4

stems, leaves, flowers, vegetative shoots, flora shoots (anything above ground)

Question 5

2 transport systems connected by vascular tissue

Answer 5

xylem and phloem

Question 6

structure that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to shoots

Answer 6

xylem

Question 7

structure that transports food/sugars from leaves to the rest of the plants

Answer 7

phloem

Question 8

This system anchors the plant, absorbs water and mnerals and stores food

Answer 8

root system

Question 9

Which root system are made of a large vertical root that provides strong anchor, is able to get water from deep in the soil, and is found in dicots?

Answer 9

taproot system

Question 10

Which root system consists of many thin roots which allows extensive exposure to water and minerals, and is found on monocots?

Answer 10

fibrous root system

Question 11

these are tiny structures at root tips that are extensions of root epidermal cells and function to increase surface area for greater absorption

Answer 11

root hairs

Question 12

Where are root hairs found? (monocot or dicot?

Answer 12

both

Question 13

these are structures are found above ground roots and grow from stems or leaves to help support plant

Answer 13

adventitious roots

Question 14

points found on the stem where leaves are attached

Answer 14

nodes

Question 15

the part of the stem in between nodes

Answer 15

internodes

Question 16

this structure occurs at an angle that was formed between leaf and stem, and has potential to produce a branch shoot

Answer 16

axillary bud

Question 17

tip of the shoot where most growth is concentrated in young plant

Answer 17

terminal bud

Question 18

Why do axillary buds do not tend to make many shoots in young plants?

Answer 18

because the terminal bud exhibits apical dominance

Question 19

these modified stems spread across the surface of the ground (runners) and allow plant to spread by asexual repoduction

Answer 19

stolons

Question 20

example of a stolon

Answer 20

strawberry runners

Question 21

this modified stem consist of horizontal underground stems that store food

Answer 21

rhizome

Question 22

example of a rhizome

Answer 22

ginger root

Question 23

this modified stem consist of the swollen end of rhizome, where the eyes are the axillary buds

Answer 23

tubers

Question 24

example of a tuber

Answer 24

potato

Question 25

this modified stem consists of vertical underground stems; consist of leaves and store food

Answer 25

bulbs

Question 26

example of a bulb

Answer 26

onion

Question 27

modified stem made for protection

Answer 27

thorns

Question 28

modified photosynthetic stem

Answer 28

cladophylls

Question 29

example of cladophyll

Answer 29

cactus

Question 30

these are main photosynthetic organs of a plant and usually consist of blade and petiole (stalk)

Answer 30

leaves

Question 31

how are the veins arranged in monocots

Answer 31

run parallel of each other

Question 32

how are the veins arranged in dicots

Answer 32

highly branched

Question 33

term for leaf arrangement consisting of a single blade

Answer 33

simple

Question 34

term for leaf arrangement consisting of blade divided into multiple leaflets

Answer 34

compound

Question 35

give examples of modified leaves

Answer 35

(a) tendrils – for clinging (ex. Peas) (b) spines – for protection (ex cactus) (c) water storage (ex. Succulent plants) (d) attract pollinators with bright colors (ex. Poinsettia)

Question 36

type of plant cell that is the most unspecialized type and can differentiate into other cells; they lack secondary cell walls, perofmr most metabolic jobs of plants and are flexible

Answer 36

parenchyma

Question 37

type of plant cell that has thicker primary wall, no secondary wall, lack lignin and is grouped in strands or cylinders; they help support young, growing parts of plant without hindering growth

Answer 37

Collenchyma

Question 38

type of plant cell that has thick secondary walls with lignin; it is very rigid, cannot elongate but giive support in regions that are not growing

Answer 38

Sclerenchyma

Question 39

two forms of sclerenchyma

Answer 39

fibers in bundles and sclerids

Question 40

2 cell types found in xylem

Answer 40

(1) Tracheids – long, thin, tapered cells | (2) Vessel elements – wider with perforated ends

Question 41

characteristics of tracheids and vessel elements

Answer 41

(1) dead when mature and functioning (2) double walled except areas called pits which allow water to pass from cell to cell (3) secondary walls contain lignin for rigidity; deposited in ring when living which allows cells to stretch as plant grows

Question 42

tubes formed by chains of cells found in phloem tissue

Answer 42

sieve-tube members

Question 43

Characterstics of the phloem tissue

Answer 43

- have sieve tube members separated on ends by sieve plates - cells living when functioning - lack nuclei and ribosomes

Question 44

cell found next to sieve elements and are connected with many plasmodesmata

Answer 44

companion cell

Question 45

three tissue systems of plants

Answer 45

dermal, vascular and ground tissue

Question 46

tissue system in plant that consists of the outer single layer of the plant which functions for protection

Answer 46

dermal tissue

Question 47

tissue system in plant that consists of xylem and phloem

Answer 47

vascular tissue

Question 48

tissue system in plant that consists of mostly parenchyma cells and does most jobs of the plant

Answer 48

ground tissue

Question 49

plants that complete their life cycle in 1 year

Answer 49

annuals

Question 50

these are embryonic tissues that cause indeterminate growth

Answer 50

meristem