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plant and soil science > plant & soil > Flashcards

plant & soil Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleus

A

centre of cell
site of genetic transcription

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2
Q

nuclear membrane

A

forms protective barrier around nucleus
composed of phospholipid bilayer
controls movement of substances in & out

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3
Q

nucleolus

A

largest body within nucleus
responsible for production of ribosomal subunits

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4
Q

SER

A

process & package lipids & hormones

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5
Q

RER

A

involved in production of proteins
ribosomes on surface
joined to nuclear membrane to enable rapid movement of information to the ribosomes from nucleus

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6
Q

golgi apparatus

A

sorting, modifying and packaging proteins for secretion
movement of lipids around cell

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7
Q

mitochondira

A

cellular respiration - takes nutrients from cell (glucose from photosynthesis) breaks it down and turns it in energy (ATP)

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8
Q

chloroplast

A

converts light energy from sun into sugars to be used by cell
chlorophyll is green pigment for photosynthesis

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9
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis
location in cell determines what kind of protein it makes

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10
Q

vesicle

A

composed of a phospholipid bilayer
transport materials from on place to another

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11
Q

vacuole

A

membrane-bound sac
provides structural support & storage for useful materials

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12
Q

centrosome

A

organise microtubules
provides cell structure
pulls chromatids apart during division

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13
Q

cell wall

A

structure & protection
semi-permeable for osmosis & diffusion across membrane
made of lignin - rigidity & support

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14
Q

cell membrane

A

double layer of lipids & proteins surrounding cell
separates cytoplasm from surrounding environment
selectively permeable - only lets certain molecules enter & exit
active transport

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid that fill cell
holds organelles in suspension
gives cell its shape

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16
Q

meristematic tissues

A

undifferentiated tissues found at points of growth
can differentiate when required allowing plant to grow

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17
Q

permanent tissues

A

what meristems differentiate into
don’t change form or function

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18
Q

apical meristem

A

present at growing tips of stems & roots
increases length

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19
Q

lateral meristem

A

consists of cells that mainly divide in one plane causing organ to increase in diameter & growth
forms secondary growth

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20
Q

intercalary meristem

A

located between permanent tissues
present at base of node, internode & leaf base
branch formation & growth

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21
Q

vascular tissues

A

transport vessels
move water & sugars around plant

22
Q

epidermal tissues

A

tissues on outside of plant

23
Q

ground tissues

A

less differentiated
comprise much of cell
serve many vital roles

24
Q

phloem (vascular)

A

move SUGARS via diffusion & active transport
stacked end-end creating a tube to carry sugars from source to sink/ sink to site of growth

25
Q

xylem (vascular)

A

dead cells that move WATER up plant from the roots
transpiration stream relies upon weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules pulling them up xylem as water is lost at stomata & leaf surface
concentration gradient between plant & root hair cell allows water to move into plant by osmosis

26
Q

transport in phloem

A

diffusion
translocation
active transport

27
Q

transport in xylem

A

osmosis
transpiration
capillary action

28
Q

epidermal tissues

A

outer layer of leaf
single layer of cells covers leaves, flowers, roots & stems forming boundary between plant & external environment
protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange & absorbs water & mineral nutrients

29
Q

guard cells

A

control opening and closing of stomata by altering turgidity

30
Q

stomata

A

pore in leaf that enables water & gas movement in & out of cell
usually on bottom of leaf

31
Q

cambium

A

provides undifferentiated cells for plant growth
found between xylem & phloem

32
Q

parenchyma

A

packing tissue - forms filler in soft parts of plant
thin cell walls - change shape
living cells
lots of chloroplasts - photosynthesis
strorge

33
Q

collenchyma

A

structural support in growing plants
thick cell walls
forms long fibres
remains alive
cell walls can thick if there is damage to make it stronger

34
Q

sclerenchyma

A

structure & support in grown/mature plants
v thick cell walls & lots of lignin - so thick that cells die
form fibres or dense stones (sclereids)

35
Q

3 meristematic tissues

A

apical
intercalary
lateral

36
Q

3 permanent tissues

A

vascular
epidermal
ground

37
Q

2 vascular

A

phloem
xylem

38
Q

3 epidermal

A

guard cells
stomata
cambium

39
Q

3 ground

A

collenchyma
parenchyma
sclerenchyma

40
Q

3 plant structure areas

A

subterranean
mid-structure
arial components

41
Q

3 main factors of photosynthesis

A

light intensity
temperature
carbon dioxide availability

42
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

carbon dioxide –> glucose + oxygen

43
Q

what happens to enzymes after they reach the optimum temperature of 36-37?

A

denature

44
Q

aerobic respiration equation

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

45
Q

anaerobic respiration equation

A

glucose –> lactic acid + ATP

46
Q

when does anaerobic respiration occur

A

roots become completely waterlogged
lack of oxygen to produce energy needed

47
Q

equation for ethanol fermentation

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

48
Q

what happens when it’s dark

A

respiration but no photosynthesis
oxygen taken in CO2 given out

49
Q

what happens when there is dim light

A

photosynthesis & respiration rates are equal
neither gas is taken in or out

50
Q

what happens when there is bright light

A

photosynthesis rate greater than respiration rate
CO2 taken in & oxygen given out

51
Q
A

plant and soil science (1 decks)

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