plant signals

Question 1

Plants respond

Answer 1

to external and internal cues to enhance survival and reproduction.

Question 2

plant responses:

Answer 2

Detect changes in the environment and then initiate growth response

Question 2

three steps in signal transduction pathway

Answer 2

reception, transduction, response

Question 3

reception:

Answer 3

receptors - proteins that change in response to specific stimulus - detect signals

Question 4

transduction:

Answer 4

• second messengers transfer and amplify signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses

Question 5

response:

Answer 5

-Regulation of one or more cellular activities

Question 6

where are receptors located?

Answer 6

plasma membrane

Question 7

what are plant hormones?

Answer 7

chemical signals that coordinate different parts of an organism

Question 8

characteristics of plant hormones:

Answer 8

generally occur in small amounts
greatly affect growth and development of a plant organ
growth regulators

Question 9

how do plant hormones affect cells?

Answer 9

cause cell elongation, differentiation, and reproduction

Question 10

Specific plant hormones

Answer 10

Auxins, Cytokinins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, ethylene

Question 12

Auxins - cell movement

Answer 12

moves from the basal end of one cell into the apical end of the neighboring cell

Question 13

Auxins - application

Answer 13

root formation, seedless fruit formation

Question 14

parthenocarpy

Answer 14

fruit development without fertilization

Question 15

effects of Auxin

Answer 15

1. promotes growth in apical meristems of shoots
2. lateral root formation
3. fruit formation
4. apical dominance
5. cell division in vascular cambium

Question 16

cytokinin application

Answer 16

prolong shelf life of cut flowers

tissue culture propagation

Question 17

cytokinin effects

Answer 17

1. stimulates cell division
2. release lateral buds from apical dominance
3. stimulate seed germination
4. retards leaf aging

Question 18

cytokinin is produced in

Answer 18

actively growing tissues

Question 19

cytokinin promotes

Answer 19

cell division (cytokinesis) works with auxin

Question 20

apical dominance

Answer 20

a terminal buds ability to suppress development of axillary buds

• if terminal bud is removed plant becomes bushier

Question 21

gibberellins effects

Answer 21

1. promotes lengthening of stems
2. promotes seed germination
3. induces fruit growth
4. helps seeds break dormancy