Plant science Flashcards
what are meristematic tissues?
undifferentiated tissues that differentiate to enable plant growth
what are permanent tissues?
what meristems differentiate into
what are the 3 types of meristematic tissues?
apical, lateral, intercalary
what is the role of an apical tissue?
increases length
what is the role of a lateral tissue?
increases diameter
what is the role of an intercalary tissue?
produces shoots and branches at nodes
what are the 3 types of permanent tissues?
vascular, ground, epidermal
what are the 2 vascular tissues?
phloem & xylem
explain the function of the xylem.
transports water UP the plant through osmosis, transpiration & capillary action
explain the function of the phloem.
transports sugars up and down the plant through diffusion, active transport and translocation.
what are the 3 epidermal tissues?
guard cells, stomata, cambium
what is the role of guard cells?
control the opening & closing of the stomata by altering their turgidity
what is the role of the stomata?
pore in leaf that enable water movement in & out of cell
what is the role of cambium?
layer of partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth found between xylem & phloem
what are the 3 ground tissues?
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
explain the role of parenchyma
has thin walls
is a filling tissue
made up of living cells
remains meristematic
explain the role of collenchyma
irregular thickness of walls
provides structural support
living
explain the role of sclerenchyma
supports cells
dead
very thick cell walls
explain the role of roots as a subterranean component
collenchyma & sclerenchyma provide support whilst parenchyma packs out the root
root hair cells are specialised to increase surface areas for faster osmosis
explain what shoots are as a mid-structure
when seed first germinates and initial first growth emerges
explain what stems are as a mid-structure
the main axes above ground & produce leaves
explain the role of leaves as aerial components
the main site of photosynthesis, evaporation & gaseous exchange
what are the female reproductive components?
ovary, style & stigma
what are the male reproductive components?
1 or more stamens each made up of paired anthers on a filament or stalk
what do petals do?
attract pollinator
what are petals collectively called?
corolla
what do sepals do?
protect buds
explain sexual reproduction in plants
pollen is exchanged via wind & pollinating insects/animals
produces genetically different offspring
explain asexual reproduction in plants
self-pollinating or put out stolons/rhizomes that grow identical genetic copies
explain mitosis
1 staged division that produces 2 identical cells
explain meiosis
2 staged division that produces 4 daughter cells that contain half the chromosomes
where does gaseous exchange occur & what happens?
in the stomata which are controlled by guard cells which open and close stomata by altering turgidity
what 3 factors is photosynthesis dependent on?
light intensity
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature
what is aerobic respiration?
respiration that uses oxygen
what is anaerobic respiration
respiration without oxygen
turgid cell
full of water
flaccid cell
not enough water
plasmolysis cell
severely water defficient
What 5 factors affect the rate of transpiration?
wind speed
humidity
temperature
light
water availability
how long is an annual lifecycle?
1 year
how long is a biennial lifecycle?
2 years
how long is an ephemeral lifecycle?
multiple in a year
how long is a perennial lifecycle?
continuous - regrows year after year
what are the 2 types of germination?
hypogeal & epigeal
