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plant and soil > Plant science > Flashcards

Plant science Flashcards

1
Q

what are meristematic tissues?

A

undifferentiated tissues that differentiate to enable plant growth

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2
Q

what are permanent tissues?

A

what meristems differentiate into

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of meristematic tissues?

A

apical, lateral, intercalary

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4
Q

what is the role of an apical tissue?

A

increases length

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5
Q

what is the role of a lateral tissue?

A

increases diameter

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6
Q

what is the role of an intercalary tissue?

A

produces shoots and branches at nodes

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7
Q

what are the 3 types of permanent tissues?

A

vascular, ground, epidermal

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8
Q

what are the 2 vascular tissues?

A

phloem & xylem

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9
Q

explain the function of the xylem.

A

transports water UP the plant through osmosis, transpiration & capillary action

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10
Q

explain the function of the phloem.

A

transports sugars up and down the plant through diffusion, active transport and translocation.

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11
Q

what are the 3 epidermal tissues?

A

guard cells, stomata, cambium

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12
Q

what is the role of guard cells?

A

control the opening & closing of the stomata by altering their turgidity

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13
Q

what is the role of the stomata?

A

pore in leaf that enable water movement in & out of cell

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14
Q

what is the role of cambium?

A

layer of partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth found between xylem & phloem

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15
Q

what are the 3 ground tissues?

A

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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16
Q

explain the role of parenchyma

A

has thin walls
is a filling tissue
made up of living cells
remains meristematic

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17
Q

explain the role of collenchyma

A

irregular thickness of walls
provides structural support
living

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18
Q

explain the role of sclerenchyma

A

supports cells
dead
very thick cell walls

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19
Q

explain the role of roots as a subterranean component

A

collenchyma & sclerenchyma provide support whilst parenchyma packs out the root
root hair cells are specialised to increase surface areas for faster osmosis

20
Q

explain what shoots are as a mid-structure

A

when seed first germinates and initial first growth emerges

21
Q

explain what stems are as a mid-structure

A

the main axes above ground & produce leaves

22
Q

explain the role of leaves as aerial components

A

the main site of photosynthesis, evaporation & gaseous exchange

23
Q

what are the female reproductive components?

A

ovary, style & stigma

24
Q

what are the male reproductive components?

A

1 or more stamens each made up of paired anthers on a filament or stalk

25
Q

what do petals do?

A

attract pollinator

26
Q

what are petals collectively called?

A

corolla

27
Q

what do sepals do?

A

protect buds

28
Q

explain sexual reproduction in plants

A

pollen is exchanged via wind & pollinating insects/animals
produces genetically different offspring

29
Q

explain asexual reproduction in plants

A

self-pollinating or put out stolons/rhizomes that grow identical genetic copies

30
Q

explain mitosis

A

1 staged division that produces 2 identical cells

31
Q

explain meiosis

A

2 staged division that produces 4 daughter cells that contain half the chromosomes

32
Q

where does gaseous exchange occur & what happens?

A

in the stomata which are controlled by guard cells which open and close stomata by altering turgidity

33
Q

what 3 factors is photosynthesis dependent on?

A

light intensity
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature

34
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

respiration that uses oxygen

35
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without oxygen

36
Q

turgid cell

A

full of water

37
Q

flaccid cell

A

not enough water

38
Q

plasmolysis cell

A

severely water defficient

39
Q

What 5 factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

wind speed
humidity
temperature
light
water availability

40
Q

how long is an annual lifecycle?

A

1 year

41
Q

how long is a biennial lifecycle?

A

2 years

42
Q

how long is an ephemeral lifecycle?

A

multiple in a year

43
Q

how long is a perennial lifecycle?

A

continuous - regrows year after year

44
Q

what are the 2 types of germination?

A

hypogeal & epigeal

45
Q
A

plant and soil (1 decks)

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