plant reproduction + seed germination

Question 1

asexual reproduction: + some advantages and disadvantages

Answer 1

-> involves only one parent, the offspring have identical genes to the parent
-more efficient in both time (faster) and energy (less energy required)
-since they’re identical, their is risk that they could all die if conditions become unfavorable
-mitosis: produce genetically identical cells

Question 2

sexual repoduction: + some advantages and disadvantages

Answer 2

-> involves the fusion of male and female gametes, because there are two parents, the offspirng contains a mixture of their parents’ genes
-produces variation of offspring
-requires time (longer) and energy (more energy is required)
-meiosis: produce genetically different cells

Question 3

what is fertilisation?

Answer 3

-> involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 4

sexual reproduction in plants:

Answer 4

structures of plants:
the stamen: (male part of the reproductive part in a plant)
-the anther -> contains pollen grain, these produce the male gametes (sperm)
-the filament -> is the stalk that supports the anther
the carpel: (female part of the reproductive part in a plant)
-the stigma -> the end bit that the pollen grains attach to
-the style -> the rod-like section that supports the stigma
-the ovary -> contains the female gametes (eggs) inside ovules

Question 5

insect pollinate: adaptations of features for pollination

Answer 5

petals: large and bright to attract insects
nectar: scanted with nectar to attract insects
pollen grains: sticky and in moderate amounts
anthers: inside flower, stiff and attached so that insects can brush apart
stigma: inside flower, sticky pollen grains stick to it when an insect brushes past

Question 6

wind pollinated: adaptations of features for pollination

Answer 6

petals: small and dull-usually green or brown
nectar: no scent or nectar
pollen grains: smooth and light so they can be easily carried in the wind and in large amounts to make sure some reach other flowers
anthers: outside flower, loose on long filaments so that pollen can be released easily
stigma: outside flower, forms network to catch pollen grains drifting in the wind
filament: long filaments that hang the anthers outside flower so that a lot of pollen gets blown away

Question 7

seed and fruit formation:

Answer 7

• pollen grains land on stigma
• pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain into the ovule
• the ovary will become the fruit of the plant which will be the method of transport of the cell

Question 8

germination:

Answer 8

-> process in which seeds begin to develop into a new young plant
conditions they need:
1) water -> to activate the enzymes that break down the food reserves in the seed
2) oxygen -> for respiration, which transfers the energy from food for growth
3) suitable temp. - for the enzymes inside the seed to work

Question 9

structures of seeds:

Answer 9

-embryo: young root and shoot become the adult plant
-food store: starch for the plant to use until it is able to carry out photosynthesis
-seed coat: a protective covering

Question 10

practical: investigating seed germination

Answer 10

-germination should only happen in Tube where:
-all of the conditions needed for germination are present

Question 11

asexual reproduction: natural & artificial

Answer 11

1) Natural: runners
-eg: strawberry plants

2) Artificially (cloning): cuttings
-can be produced faster and cheaper
-the resulting plant will achieve maturity faster with a.r + diversity

Question 12

what happens when you increase the concentration of salt solution on germination?

Answer 12

-as you increase the salt solution increases, germination percentage decreases
-salt solution will slow down the germination process
-salt alteres the seed pH