Plant Reproduction Flashcards
How does flowering plant reproduce?
Flowering plant reproduce by sexual reproduction
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction has a male and female sex cell fusing together to form a new living thing
What are the male parts of a flower?
FAP - Filament, Anther, Pollen
What are the female parts of a flower?
SSOE - Style, Stigma, Ovary, Egg
What is pollination?
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
Why do flowers need pollination?
Pollens cannot move to the stigma on their own
How are pollens pollinated?
2 ways - By wind, and, or By insects
What special structures do flowers pollinated by wind have?
- Long anthers that stick out so that pollens can be easily blown off
- Big stigma so that a bigger surface increase the chance of stigma landing on it
- Petals might be small and dull (because no need to attract insects)
What special structures do flowers pollinated by insects have?
- Bright and colourful petals to attract insects
2. Sweet nectar and scent to attract insects
What happens after pollination?
Nucleus of the pollen (male sex cell) will fuse with the nucleus of the egg (female sex cell) in the ovary. This process is call fertilisation.
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the process when the nucleus of the male and female sex cells (pollen and egg) fuse together. The egg becomes a fertilised egg.
What happens after fertilisation?
Fertilised egg becomes the seed and
Ovary will swell and become a fruit.
When is the fruit ready for fruit and seed dispersal?
The fruit will ripen, meaning it has sufficient stored food in the seeds to germinate.
What is seed dispersal?
It is the process where the seeds are being moved away from the parent plant.
Why disperse the seeds away from the parent plant?
Being near to the parent plant will require the germinated seedling to compete for WMSS - Water, Mineral salts, Space and Sunlight.
Fruits and seeds cannot move on their own, so how are they being dispersed?
4 methods - By Wind, Water, Animal, Splitting
How do fruits try to be dispersed by wind?
Fruits dispersed by wind often
- have wing-like structure
- are light-weight
so that they can be blown a further distance as they drop from the parent plant
How do fruits try to be dispersed by water?
Fruits dispersed by water often
- have fibrous husk
so that they can trap air and float on water to be carried by waves
How do fruits try to be dispersed by animals?
Fruits dispersed by animals often
- have hook-like structures to hook themselves onto the fur of animals
- have edible and fleshy fruits so that animals will eat them
How do fruits try to be dispersed by splitting?
Fruits dispersed by splitting often
- have pod-like structure so that when the fruit dry up, it will split and throw the seeds out
After fruits and seeds are dispersed, when do the seeds germinate?
Seeds will germinate when WOW factors (Warmth, Oxygen, Water) are present
What happens during germination?
Seeds absorb water and the seed leaves will provide food for the seedling to grow - roots first, shoots later.
Food in the seed leaves will be fully used up and the seed leaves will dry up
When do the seedlings start to make food?
Seedlings start to make food once the first leaves appear and turn green
Is light needed for germination?
No. Seed leaves provide food. There’s no leaves to make food.
