Plant Oils

Question 1

What type of molecules do Oils and Fats contain

Answer 1

Long-chain molecules with lots of Carbon atoms

Question 2

Oils and fats can either be…

Answer 2

Unsaturated

Saturated

Question 3

What type of bonds do Unsaturated oils have

Answer 3

Double C (C=C)

Question 4

What chains do Unsaturated oils have

Answer 4

Carbon

Question 5

What happens to Bromine Water with Unsaturated Oil

Answer 5

Decolourises as bonds open up

Question 6

How many C=C bonds to Monounsaturated oils have

Answer 6

One

Question 7

How many C=C bonds do Polyunsaturated oils have

Answer 7

More than one

Question 8

What can you do to plant oils

Answer 8

Hydrogenate them

Question 9

What state are Unsaturated Vegetable Oils at room temperature

Answer 9

Liquid

Question 10

Explain Hydrogenation

Answer 10

Harden the unsaturated veg oils by reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at 60 degrees

Question 11

What catalyst is needed for Hydrogenation

Answer 11

Nickel

Question 12

What temperature does Hydrogenation occur at

Answer 12

60 degrees

Question 13

How does Hydrogenation work

Answer 13

The Hydrogen reacts with the C=C bond and opens then out

Question 14

Why are Hydrogenated Oils more solid at room temp than Unsaturated oils

Answer 14

Higher melting points

Question 15

What are Hydrogenated oils useful for

Answer 15

Cake and baking pastries

Spreads

Question 16

Do animal fats tend to be Unsaturated or Saturated

Answer 16

Saturated

Question 17

Do Vegetable oils tend to be unsaturated or saturated

Answer 17

Unsaturated

Question 18

What are more healthy and why?

Saturated Fats / Unsaturated Fats

Answer 18

Unsaturated fats because Saturated fats increase blood cholesterol causing a blocking if the arteries and increasing risk of heart disease

Question 19

Give 2 examples of natural unsaturated fats

Answer 19

Sunflower Oil

Olive Oil

Question 20

What do Natural Unsaturated fats do to the level of Blood cholesterol

Answer 20

Reduce it

Question 21

What does cooking food in any oil do

Answer 21

Makes it more fattening

Question 22

What do partially hydrogenated vegetable oil do to cholesterol level

Answer 22

Increases it

Question 23

Why do Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils increase cholesterol levels

Answer 23

contain trans fats

Question 24

Where do vegetable oils come from

Answer 24

Seeds
Vegetables
Fruits

Question 25

How do we extract vegetable oils

Answer 25

We crush them and either press them or distil them

Question 26

What is an advantage of pressing an oil for extraction

Answer 26

Tends to give higher quality oil

Question 27

What is a disadvantage of pressing an oil for extraction

Answer 27

Once it has been pressed, it needs to be purified

Question 28

What is an advantage of distilling the oil for extraction

Answer 28

Can usually do it in big batches

Question 29

What is a disadvantage of distilling an oil for extraction

Answer 29

Heat can impair the flavouring

Question 30

Give 2 reasons we need oils

Answer 30

They are a good source of energy

Cooks food faster

Question 31

What does saturated mean

Answer 31

Maximum amount of hydrogen atoms and cannot fit anymore on

Question 32

What does unsaturated mean

Answer 32

There is room for more hydrogen atoms

Question 33

What state is a saturated fat at room temperature

Answer 33

Solid

Question 34

What state is a unsaturated fat at room temperature

Answer 34

Liquid

Question 35

Why do we harden plant oils

Answer 35

Because some plant oils can be too runny for use