Plant Macromolecules

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

nutrients required in large amounts for plant form and function; examples include sulfur, phosphorous, oxygen and carbon

Question 2

Micronutrients

Answer 2

nutrients or trace elements required in small amounts for plant form and function; examples such as nickle, iron, or zinc

Question 3

Water

Answer 3

molecule composed of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms using covalent bonds

Question 4

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 4

A weak bond between a hydrogen atom attached to an oxygen or nitrogen atom and another oxygen or nitrogen donor

Question 5

Macromolecules

Answer 5

Large molecules that are made up of smaller or similar components called polymers

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Organic molecules composed of sugars which can range in structure from simple to more complex sugar subunits

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

simple or single sugar carbs

Ex: Ribose, glucose, or fructose

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Two sugar subunit carbs

Ex: Sucrose

Question 9

Polysaccharides

Answer 9

Many sugar subunit carbs

Ex: Cellulose and starch

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Carbohydrate composed of links of glucose; most important human carb

Question 11

Water cohesion-tension

Answer 11

Movement of water through the xylem due to leaf transpiration and water potential, and cohesive properties of water from hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Pectin

Answer 12

Complex set of polysaccharides which is a primary component of plant cell walls

Question 13

Cellulose

Answer 13

A polysaccharide and a primary component in plant cell walls

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Storage form of glucose in animals and fungi; a structural component of animal and fungal cell walls

Question 15

Chitin

Answer 15

A polysaccharide and a primary component of fungi cell walls, and hard exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

Abundant organic molecules composed of polymers of amino acids

Question 17

Amino acids

Answer 17

Nitrogen based molecules composed of an amino group; a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom bonded to a central carbon atom

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

Fat and fat-like substances

Question 19

Nucleic Acids

Answer 19

Long chains of molecules known as nucleotides such as DNA and RNA

Question 20

Nucleotides

Answer 20

Complex molecules composed of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar either ribose of deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base

Question 21

What are the essential elements?

Answer 21

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Chlorine, Copper, and Manganese

Question 22

What are the principal structural elements?

Answer 22

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Come from carbon dioxide and H2O

Question 23

What are the four major groups of plant macromolecules?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Question 24

Nucleotides are composed of:

Answer 24

Phosphate, Ribose (carb), and a nitrogenous base

Question 25

What are the five different nucleotides?

Answer 25

Guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, and uracil