Plant Life

Question 1

What is Bryothyta?

Answer 1

Mosses and liverworts

Question 2

Features of Bryophyta (5)

Answer 2

• no vascular system (xylem/phloem)
• limited in size
• requires water for reproduction
• no roots (have rhizoids instead)
• no seeds

Question 3

What is the vascular system?

Answer 3

It is a collection of tissues and fibres that transport nutrients and fluids throughout the plant body

Question 4

What are rhizoids?

Answer 4

False roots

Question 5

What are the two tissues in the vascular system/bundles?

Answer 5

Xylem and phloem

Question 6

Features of Filicophyta (4)

Answer 6

• primitive vascular system
• basic structure (rhizome/frond/reproductive parts = sporangia)
• really common in the carboniferous period (300 mil years ago)
• reproduce via spores

Question 7

What are filicophyta?

Answer 7

ferns

Question 8

What are fronds?

Answer 8

leaves with divisions

Question 9

What are sporangia used for?

Answer 9

Seed dispersal

Question 10

What are the features of gymnosperms? (3)

Answer 10

• Vascular system with xylem and roots
• Produce seeds in cones (no flowers)
• have needles which prevent water loss

Question 11

What is a gymnosperm?

Answer 11

Conifer

Question 12

What are the features of anigosperms? (4)

Answer 12

• Have a complex vascular system with xylem and roots
• Produce seeds
• Have flowers and pollen (pollination)
• Have fruits (seed dispersal)

Question 13

What are angiosperms?

Answer 13

Flowering plants

Question 14

What are all the sepals called?

Answer 14

Calyx

Question 15

Name the female parts of angiosperms (from top to bottom)

Answer 15

Carpel - stigma, style, ovary, ovule

Question 16

Another word for carpel?

Answer 16

Pistil

Question 17

Name the male parts of an angiosperm?

Answer 17

Stamen - anther, filament

Question 18

What is the stalk of an angiosperm called?

Answer 18

Receptacle

Question 19

What is pollination?

Answer 19

the transferring of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

Question 20

What is the difference between cross and self pollination

Answer 20

cross pollination is pollination that occurs on a DIFFERENT plant. It has to be the same species though.

self pollination is on the same plant ie it can be the same exact flower or a different flower on that SAME plant.

Question 21

What are gametes?

Answer 21

The reproductive part of a plant - reproductive cells

Question 22

Which part of the plant is the male gamete?

Answer 22

The pollen grain (it has a nucleus)

Question 23

Which part of the plant is the female gamete?

Answer 23

The ovum

Question 24

How do pollen grains look like if they are likely to be dispersed by the wind?

Answer 24

Smooth, light and aerodynamic

Question 25

How do pollen grains look like if they are likely to be dispersed by an animal?

Answer 25

Sticky so that it can easily attach to animals.

Question 26

How does pollination by the wind occur (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)?

Answer 26

``` Dull in colour Odourless Dangly filaments night and day bloom time no nectar ```

Question 27

How does pollination by bees occur? (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)

Answer 27

``` bright colour strong odour large day bloom time yes nectar ```

Question 27

How does pollination by bees occur? (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)

Answer 27

``` bright colour strong odour large day bloom time yes nectar ```

Question 28

Illustrate fertilisation (5 key steps)

Answer 28

- pollen grains land on stigma - pollen grains grows a tiny tube down the style - pollen grain nucleus travels down the pollen tube - nucleus enters the ovary - male and female nuclei fuse

Question 29

Structure of a seed

Answer 29

- outside seed coat - plumule (the bit that develops into the shoot) - radicle (round bit where the shoot comes out of) - hilum - micropyle - cotyledon

Question 30

What is the seed coat (testa)

Answer 30

The testa helps to protect the embryo from mechanical damage, predators and drying out

Question 31

What is the plumule?

Answer 31

This is the shoot of the embryo plant (leaf thing)

Question 32

What is the radicle ?

Answer 32

The root of an embryo plant (thing where the shoot comes out of)

Question 33

What is the hilum (scar bit)?

Answer 33

Scar on a seed marking the point of attachment to its seed vessel

Question 34

What is the micropyle (bit below the mini scar)?

Answer 34

Small opening in the surface of an ovule, which the pollen tube penetrates (it looks like a small pore in the ripe seed)

Question 35

What is the cotyledon (inside of seed, full of dots) ?

Answer 35

Specialised seed leaves which store food for the embryo

Question 36

Ways that seeds can be dispersed? (5)

Answer 36

- wind - explosion - animal - water - fire

Question 37

Factors for photosynthesis

Answer 37

- light intensity - water availability - carbon dioxide - chlorophyll concentration

Question 38

Why is light intensity important for photosynthesis?

Answer 38

It is important to convert the reactants to products (make the reaction happen) light is like energy

Question 39

Why is water and carbon dioxide important for photosynthesis?

Answer 39

It is a reactant in photosynthesis

Question 40

Why is chlorophyll important in photosynthesis?

Answer 40

It is the pigment that absorbs the light - helps the reaction happen

Question 41

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 41

water + carbon dioxide ---> glucose + oxygen | add light energy and chlorophyll to the arrow to show this is what makes the reaction happen

Question 42

How does the algal ball experiment demonstrate photosynthesis?

Answer 42

- some algal balls are put in hydrogencarbonate indicator - hydrogencarbonate indicator shows us the pH by comparing the the colour scale - various algal balls are put in front of a lamp at different distances - the algal ball closest to the lamp goes the most purple - this indicates that the pH is higher - pH higher means that carbon dioxide concentration has decreased - this shows photosynthesis as carbon dioxide is a reactant and gets used up - light energy increases photosynthesis

Question 43

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 43

A way to get nutrients - ie transform light energy to chemical energy for plants to then use