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Biology > Plant Life > Flashcards

Plant Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Bryothyta?

A

Mosses and liverworts

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2
Q

Features of Bryophyta (5)

A
  • no vascular system (xylem/phloem)
  • limited in size
  • requires water for reproduction
  • no roots (have rhizoids instead)
  • no seeds
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3
Q

What is the vascular system?

A

It is a collection of tissues and fibres that transport nutrients and fluids throughout the plant body

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4
Q

What are rhizoids?

A

False roots

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5
Q

What are the two tissues in the vascular system/bundles?

A

Xylem and phloem

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6
Q

Features of Filicophyta (4)

A
  • primitive vascular system
  • basic structure (rhizome/frond/reproductive parts = sporangia)
  • really common in the carboniferous period (300 mil years ago)
  • reproduce via spores
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7
Q

What are filicophyta?

A

ferns

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8
Q

What are fronds?

A

leaves with divisions

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9
Q

What are sporangia used for?

A

Seed dispersal

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10
Q

What are the features of gymnosperms? (3)

A
  • Vascular system with xylem and roots
  • Produce seeds in cones (no flowers)
  • have needles which prevent water loss
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11
Q

What is a gymnosperm?

A

Conifer

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12
Q

What are the features of anigosperms? (4)

A
  • Have a complex vascular system with xylem and roots
  • Produce seeds
  • Have flowers and pollen (pollination)
  • Have fruits (seed dispersal)
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13
Q

What are angiosperms?

A

Flowering plants

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14
Q

What are all the sepals called?

A

Calyx

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15
Q

Name the female parts of angiosperms (from top to bottom)

A

Carpel - stigma, style, ovary, ovule

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16
Q

Another word for carpel?

A

Pistil

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17
Q

Name the male parts of an angiosperm?

A

Stamen - anther, filament

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18
Q

What is the stalk of an angiosperm called?

A

Receptacle

19
Q

What is pollination?

A

the transferring of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

20
Q

What is the difference between cross and self pollination

A

cross pollination is pollination that occurs on a DIFFERENT plant. It has to be the same species though.

self pollination is on the same plant ie it can be the same exact flower or a different flower on that SAME plant.

21
Q

What are gametes?

A

The reproductive part of a plant - reproductive cells

22
Q

Which part of the plant is the male gamete?

A

The pollen grain (it has a nucleus)

23
Q

Which part of the plant is the female gamete?

A

The ovum

24
Q

How do pollen grains look like if they are likely to be dispersed by the wind?

A

Smooth, light and aerodynamic

25
Q

How do pollen grains look like if they are likely to be dispersed by an animal?

A

Sticky so that it can easily attach to animals.

26
Q

How does pollination by the wind occur (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)?

A 
Dull in colour
Odourless
Dangly filaments
night and day bloom time
no nectar
27
Q

How does pollination by bees occur? (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)

A 
bright colour
strong odour
large
day bloom time
yes nectar
27
Q

How does pollination by bees occur? (colour, odour, shape, bloom time, nectar)

A 
bright colour
strong odour
large
day bloom time
yes nectar
28
Q

Illustrate fertilisation (5 key steps)

A
  • pollen grains land on stigma
  • pollen grains grows a tiny tube down the style
  • pollen grain nucleus travels down the pollen tube
  • nucleus enters the ovary
  • male and female nuclei fuse
29
Q

Structure of a seed

A
  • outside seed coat
  • plumule (the bit that develops into the shoot)
  • radicle (round bit where the shoot comes out of)
  • hilum
  • micropyle
  • cotyledon
30
Q

What is the seed coat (testa)

A

The testa helps to protect the embryo from mechanical damage, predators and drying out

31
Q

What is the plumule?

A

This is the shoot of the embryo plant (leaf thing)

32
Q

What is the radicle ?

A

The root of an embryo plant (thing where the shoot comes out of)

33
Q

What is the hilum (scar bit)?

A

Scar on a seed marking the point of attachment to its seed vessel

34
Q

What is the micropyle (bit below the mini scar)?

A

Small opening in the surface of an ovule, which the pollen tube penetrates (it looks like a small pore in the ripe seed)

35
Q

What is the cotyledon (inside of seed, full of dots) ?

A

Specialised seed leaves which store food for the embryo

36
Q

Ways that seeds can be dispersed? (5)

A
  • wind
  • explosion
  • animal
  • water
  • fire
37
Q

Factors for photosynthesis

A
  • light intensity
  • water availability
  • carbon dioxide
  • chlorophyll concentration
38
Q

Why is light intensity important for photosynthesis?

A

It is important to convert the reactants to products (make the reaction happen) light is like energy

39
Q

Why is water and carbon dioxide important for photosynthesis?

A

It is a reactant in photosynthesis

40
Q

Why is chlorophyll important in photosynthesis?

A

It is the pigment that absorbs the light - helps the reaction happen

41
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen

add light energy and chlorophyll to the arrow to show this is what makes the reaction happen

42
Q

How does the algal ball experiment demonstrate photosynthesis?

A
  • some algal balls are put in hydrogencarbonate indicator
  • hydrogencarbonate indicator shows us the pH by comparing the the colour scale
  • various algal balls are put in front of a lamp at different distances
  • the algal ball closest to the lamp goes the most purple
  • this indicates that the pH is higher
  • pH higher means that carbon dioxide concentration has decreased
  • this shows photosynthesis as carbon dioxide is a reactant and gets used up
  • light energy increases photosynthesis
43
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A way to get nutrients - ie transform light energy to chemical energy for plants to then use

Biology (3 decks)

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