Plant Lecture Flashcards
What is the overview of the evolution of land plants?
The evolution of land plants involves colonizing land, which presents both advantages and challenges.
What are some innovations and adaptations of land plants to live on land?
Land plants have adapted to avoid drying out, manage gas exchange, survive in arid environments, withstand intense UV light, and acquire and transport resources.
What is the Kingdom Plantae?
The Kingdom Plantae is a monophyletic group that includes plants that engulfed a cyanobacterium, resulting in an endosymbiotic relationship and double membrane chloroplasts.
What are Glaucophyte algae?
Glaucophyte algae are unicellular or colonial organisms found in bogs and swamps, containing chlorophyll a but not b, and have phycobilins. Their chloroplast outer layer has peptidoglycan.
What are the characteristics of Red algae?
Red algae are primarily multicellular and marine, exhibiting an array of growth forms, and contain chlorophyll a and b. They have the pigment phycoerythrin, which increases with depth in the ocean.
What are Green plants?
Green plants consist of green algae and land plants, forming a monophyletic group known as viridiplantae.
They have chlorophyll a and b
Similar membrane arrangement, cell walls and sperm
Starch as storage polysaccharides
Why should we care about plants?
Plants provide essential resources and services that benefit humans and the environment.
What nutritional benefits do plants offer?
Plants are a primary source of nutrition for humans and animals.
How are plants related to herbology?
Herbology studies the medicinal properties of plants.
What role do plants play in medicine?
Many medicines are derived from plant compounds.
How do plants contribute to building materials?
Plants provide materials for construction and furniture.
What clothing materials come from plants?
Plants are sources of fibers like cotton and linen.
How do plants contribute to art and beauty?
Plants are used in cosmetics and artistic expressions.
What is the significance of oxygen produced by plants?
Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, essential for life.
How do plants help with temperature control?
Plants regulate temperature through shade and transpiration.
What is the role of plant roots in preventing erosion?
Roots anchor soil, preventing erosion.
How do plants affect carbon dioxide levels?
Plants absorb carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate climate change.
What fuel sources come from plants?
Plants are used to produce biofuels.
What are symbiotic relationships in plants?
Legumes form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to fix nitrogen.
How do plants impact mental health?
Exposure to plants and nature can improve mental well-being.
What is biomimicry in relation to plants?
Biomimicry involves designing solutions inspired by plant structures and functions.
How are plants used for dye?
Plants provide natural dyes for textiles and art.
What role do plants play in physical health?
Plants offer health benefits through nutrition and medicinal properties.
How do plants contribute to building soil?
Plants enhance soil fertility and structure through organic matter.
What habitat do plants provide?
Plants create habitats for various organisms.
How do plants protect against wind?
Plants act as windbreaks, reducing wind speed.
What are the economic values of plants?
Plants have economic importance in drugs, ecotourism, and ornamental uses.
What are ecosystem services provided by plants?
Plants support ecosystems by providing resources and habitats.
What constitutes an ecosystem?
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms in an area.
What are regulation services provided by plants?
- Produce oxygen
- Build soil and hold soil, preventing erosion
- Hold water
- Moderate local climates
- Fix CO2 in the carbon cycle
What are provisioning services provided by plants?
- Food
- Fuel
- Cosmetics
- Building materials
- Pharmaceuticals
- Recreation services
What substances do plants like poppies produce to prevent being eaten?
Morphine and codeine
When is the first fossil record of green algae dated?
700 to 725 million years ago
