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Plant Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Monocots?

A

One cotyledon

Monocots have a single cotyledon in their seeds.

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2
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Dicots?

A

Two cotyledons

Dicots have two cotyledons in their seeds.

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3
Q

What type of roots do Monocots typically have?

A

Fibrous roots

Monocots usually develop a network of fibrous roots.

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4
Q

What type of roots do Dicots typically have?

A

Tap roots

Dicots generally have a main tap root with smaller lateral roots.

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5
Q

What is a key feature of the leaf structure in Monocots?

A

Parallel veins

Leaves in Monocots typically exhibit parallel venation.

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6
Q

What is a key feature of the leaf structure in Dicots?

A

Net-like veins

Leaves in Dicots usually have a reticulate or net-like vein pattern.

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7
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in Monocots?

A

Scattered

In Monocots, vascular bundles are dispersed throughout the stem.

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8
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in Dicots?

A

Ringed

In Dicots, vascular bundles are typically arranged in a ring formation.

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9
Q

What type of plants are classified under Thallophyta?

A

Algae

Thallophyta includes autotrophic organisms commonly referred to as algae.

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10
Q

What type of body differentiation do plants in Thallophyta exhibit?

A

No well-differentiated body parts

Thallophyta plants do not have specialized structures like roots, stems, or leaves.

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11
Q

What is the primary mode of nutrition for plants in the Kingdom Plantae?

A

Autotrophic

Members of the Kingdom Plantae primarily produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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12
Q

Which phylum includes Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Ulva, and Chara?

A

Thallophyta

These organisms are examples of algae within the Thallophyta phylum.

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13
Q

In terms of flower structure, how many petals do Dicots typically have?

A

4 or 5

Dicots often have flowers with petals in multiples of four or five.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Monocots typically have flowers in multiples of ______.

A

3

Monocots generally have floral structures that are in multiples of three.

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15
Q

True or False: All plants in Thallophyta are motile.

A

False

Thallophyta organisms are non-motile.

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16
Q

What is Chlorella known for?

A

Rich in proteins

Chlorella is a type of green algae that is high in protein content.

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17
Q

What is the study of algae called?

A

Phycology

Phycology encompasses the scientific study of algae, including their biology and ecology.

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18
Q

What are the three main groups of algae?

A
  • Green algae: Chlorophyceae
  • Red algae: Rhodophyceae
  • Brown algae: Phaeophyceae

These classifications are based on the color of the algae and their pigments.

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19
Q

What is a common name for Laminaria?

A

Kelp

Laminaria is a genus of brown algae commonly referred to as kelp.

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Bryophyta?

A
  • Autotrophic, non-motile
  • Well differentiated body: stem and leaves
  • Found in damp and moist areas
  • Root-like structures: rhizoids

Bryophyta, including mosses and liverworts, are often referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

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21
Q

What are the male and female reproductive organs in Bryophyta?

A
  • Male part: Antheridium
  • Female part: Archegonium

These structures are involved in the sexual reproduction of bryophytes.

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22
Q

What is the function of rhizoids in Bryophyta?

A

Root-like structures

Rhizoids help anchor bryophytes to the substrate but do not conduct water and nutrients like true roots.

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23
Q

Which genus is known for the presence of antheridia?

A

Cladophora

Antheridia are the male sex organs found in various groups including algae and bryophytes.

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24
Q

What is Agar and which group does it belong to?

A

Agar is derived from Rhodophyceae

Agar is a gelatinous substance obtained from red algae, commonly used as a culture medium in laboratories.

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25
Fill in the blank: The scientific study of algae is known as _______.
Phycology
26
True or False: Bryophyta have specialized tissues for water and food conduction.
False ## Footnote Bryophytes lack vascular tissues, which are present in higher plants for conducting water and nutrients.
27
List some examples of Bryophyta.
* Riccia * Funaria (moss) * Marchantia * Polytrichum ## Footnote These are common examples of mosses and liverworts within the Bryophyta group.
28
What is the role of gas bladders in brown algae?
Buoyancy ## Footnote Gas bladders help keep the algae afloat in water, allowing them to access sunlight for photosynthesis.
29
What are the components of a frond in algae?
* Blade * Stipe * Holdfast ## Footnote These components make up the structure of a frond, which is the leaf-like part of the algae.
30
What are the first terrestrial plants?
Pteridophyta ## Footnote Pteridophyta includes ferns, horsetails, and similar plants.
31
What are the main structural components of Pteridophyta?
Roots, stem, and leaves ## Footnote Pteridophyta have well-differentiated structures.
32
Where are the reproductive organs of Pteridophyta typically located?
Hidden ## Footnote Examples include Marsilea and fern.
33
What type of tissue is specialized for food and water conduction in Pteridophyta?
Vascular tissues ## Footnote Vascular tissues are essential for the transport of nutrients.
34
In which environments are Selaginella typically found?
Cracks of rocks, moist and shady places ## Footnote Selaginella is a type of Pteridophyta.
35
What term is used for less evolved plants that do not produce seeds?
Cryptogams ## Footnote Cryptogams include thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.
36
What are sporophylls?
Leaflets that bear spores ## Footnote Sporophylls are characteristic of certain Pteridophyta like Pteris.
37
What distinguishes Phanerogams from Cryptogams?
Seeds, flowers, and fruits are present ## Footnote Phanerogams are highly evolved plants.
38
What are the two main groups of Phanerogams?
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms ## Footnote These groups are characterized by the presence of seeds and reproductive organs.
39
What do Gymnosperms bear?
Naked seeds ## Footnote Gymnosperms include conifers and cycads.
40
What type of seeds do Angiosperms produce?
Covered seeds ## Footnote Angiosperms are flowering plants.
41
What are the first terrestrial plants?
Pteridophyta ## Footnote Pteridophyta includes ferns, horsetails, and similar plants.
42
What are the main structural components of Pteridophyta?
Roots, stem, and leaves ## Footnote Pteridophyta have well-differentiated structures.
43
Where are the reproductive organs of Pteridophyta typically located?
Hidden ## Footnote Examples include Marsilea and fern.
44
What type of tissue is specialized for food and water conduction in Pteridophyta?
Vascular tissues ## Footnote Vascular tissues are essential for the transport of nutrients.
45
In which environments are Selaginella typically found?
Cracks of rocks, moist and shady places ## Footnote Selaginella is a type of Pteridophyta.
46
What term is used for less evolved plants that do not produce seeds?
Cryptogams ## Footnote Cryptogams include thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.
47
What are sporophylls?
Leaflets that bear spores ## Footnote Sporophylls are characteristic of certain Pteridophyta like Pteris.
48
What distinguishes Phanerogams from Cryptogams?
Seeds, flowers, and fruits are present ## Footnote Phanerogams are highly evolved plants.
49
What are the two main groups of Phanerogams?
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms ## Footnote These groups are characterized by the presence of seeds and reproductive organs.
50
What do Gymnosperms bear?
Naked seeds ## Footnote Gymnosperms include conifers and cycads.
51
What type of seeds do Angiosperms produce?
Covered seeds ## Footnote Angiosperms are flowering plants.
52
What does 'Gymno' mean in the context of gymnosperms?
Without cover
53
What does 'Sperma' refer to in gymnosperms?
Seeds without fruit
54
What are the typical characteristics of gymnosperms?
* Usually perennials * Evergreen * Mostly woody plants * True roots, stem, and leaves present * Xylem vessel absent * Phloem companion cells absent
55
What types of plants are included in gymnosperms?
* Pine * Deodar * Cycas
56
What does 'Angio' mean in the context of angiosperms?
Covered
57
What does 'Sperma' refer to in angiosperms?
Seed
58
What are the two main types of angiosperms?
* Monocots * Dicots
59
What is a key feature of angiosperms in relation to seeds?
Seeds are enclosed within fruit
60
What is the role of cotyledons in angiosperms?
Structures called seed leaves that are part of the embryo
61
During seed germination, what does the ovary develop into?
Fruit
62
Which parts of the flower are involved in the transition from flower to fruit?
* Petals * Ovary * Ovules * Stamen * Pedicel * Style * Sigma * Sepal
63
True or False: Gymnosperms are typically non-woody plants.
False
64
Fill in the blank: Gymnosperms have _______ seeds that are primitive and simple.
[primitive and simple]
65
What type of environment do coniferous forests typically represent?
Temperate regions
66
What types of plants are classified as non-woody?
* Herbs * Shrubs

D Bio Plant Kingdom 2 (1 decks)

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