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D Bio Plant Kingdom 2 > Plant Kingdom > Flashcards

Plant Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Monocots?

A

One cotyledon

Monocots have a single cotyledon in their seeds.

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2
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Dicots?

A

Two cotyledons

Dicots have two cotyledons in their seeds.

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3
Q

What type of roots do Monocots typically have?

A

Fibrous roots

Monocots usually develop a network of fibrous roots.

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4
Q

What type of roots do Dicots typically have?

A

Tap roots

Dicots generally have a main tap root with smaller lateral roots.

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5
Q

What is a key feature of the leaf structure in Monocots?

A

Parallel veins

Leaves in Monocots typically exhibit parallel venation.

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6
Q

What is a key feature of the leaf structure in Dicots?

A

Net-like veins

Leaves in Dicots usually have a reticulate or net-like vein pattern.

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7
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in Monocots?

A

Scattered

In Monocots, vascular bundles are dispersed throughout the stem.

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8
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in Dicots?

A

Ringed

In Dicots, vascular bundles are typically arranged in a ring formation.

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9
Q

What type of plants are classified under Thallophyta?

A

Algae

Thallophyta includes autotrophic organisms commonly referred to as algae.

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10
Q

What type of body differentiation do plants in Thallophyta exhibit?

A

No well-differentiated body parts

Thallophyta plants do not have specialized structures like roots, stems, or leaves.

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11
Q

What is the primary mode of nutrition for plants in the Kingdom Plantae?

A

Autotrophic

Members of the Kingdom Plantae primarily produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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12
Q

Which phylum includes Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Ulva, and Chara?

A

Thallophyta

These organisms are examples of algae within the Thallophyta phylum.

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13
Q

In terms of flower structure, how many petals do Dicots typically have?

A

4 or 5

Dicots often have flowers with petals in multiples of four or five.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Monocots typically have flowers in multiples of ______.

A

3

Monocots generally have floral structures that are in multiples of three.

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15
Q

True or False: All plants in Thallophyta are motile.

A

False

Thallophyta organisms are non-motile.

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16
Q

What is Chlorella known for?

A

Rich in proteins

Chlorella is a type of green algae that is high in protein content.

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17
Q

What is the study of algae called?

A

Phycology

Phycology encompasses the scientific study of algae, including their biology and ecology.

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18
Q

What are the three main groups of algae?

A
  • Green algae: Chlorophyceae
  • Red algae: Rhodophyceae
  • Brown algae: Phaeophyceae

These classifications are based on the color of the algae and their pigments.

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19
Q

What is a common name for Laminaria?

A

Kelp

Laminaria is a genus of brown algae commonly referred to as kelp.

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Bryophyta?

A
  • Autotrophic, non-motile
  • Well differentiated body: stem and leaves
  • Found in damp and moist areas
  • Root-like structures: rhizoids

Bryophyta, including mosses and liverworts, are often referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

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21
Q

What are the male and female reproductive organs in Bryophyta?

A
  • Male part: Antheridium
  • Female part: Archegonium

These structures are involved in the sexual reproduction of bryophytes.

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22
Q

What is the function of rhizoids in Bryophyta?

A

Root-like structures

Rhizoids help anchor bryophytes to the substrate but do not conduct water and nutrients like true roots.

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23
Q

Which genus is known for the presence of antheridia?

A

Cladophora

Antheridia are the male sex organs found in various groups including algae and bryophytes.

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24
Q

What is Agar and which group does it belong to?

A

Agar is derived from Rhodophyceae

Agar is a gelatinous substance obtained from red algae, commonly used as a culture medium in laboratories.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The scientific study of algae is known as _______.

A

Phycology

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26
Q

True or False: Bryophyta have specialized tissues for water and food conduction.

A

False

Bryophytes lack vascular tissues, which are present in higher plants for conducting water and nutrients.

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27
Q

List some examples of Bryophyta.

A
  • Riccia
  • Funaria (moss)
  • Marchantia
  • Polytrichum

These are common examples of mosses and liverworts within the Bryophyta group.

28
Q

What is the role of gas bladders in brown algae?

A

Buoyancy

Gas bladders help keep the algae afloat in water, allowing them to access sunlight for photosynthesis.

29
Q

What are the components of a frond in algae?

A
  • Blade
  • Stipe
  • Holdfast

These components make up the structure of a frond, which is the leaf-like part of the algae.

30
Q

What are the first terrestrial plants?

A

Pteridophyta

Pteridophyta includes ferns, horsetails, and similar plants.

31
Q

What are the main structural components of Pteridophyta?

A

Roots, stem, and leaves

Pteridophyta have well-differentiated structures.

32
Q

Where are the reproductive organs of Pteridophyta typically located?

A

Hidden

Examples include Marsilea and fern.

33
Q

What type of tissue is specialized for food and water conduction in Pteridophyta?

A

Vascular tissues

Vascular tissues are essential for the transport of nutrients.

34
Q

In which environments are Selaginella typically found?

A

Cracks of rocks, moist and shady places

Selaginella is a type of Pteridophyta.

35
Q

What term is used for less evolved plants that do not produce seeds?

A

Cryptogams

Cryptogams include thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.

36
Q

What are sporophylls?

A

Leaflets that bear spores

Sporophylls are characteristic of certain Pteridophyta like Pteris.

37
Q

What distinguishes Phanerogams from Cryptogams?

A

Seeds, flowers, and fruits are present

Phanerogams are highly evolved plants.

38
Q

What are the two main groups of Phanerogams?

A

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

These groups are characterized by the presence of seeds and reproductive organs.

39
Q

What do Gymnosperms bear?

A

Naked seeds

Gymnosperms include conifers and cycads.

40
Q

What type of seeds do Angiosperms produce?

A

Covered seeds

Angiosperms are flowering plants.

41
Q

What are the first terrestrial plants?

A

Pteridophyta

Pteridophyta includes ferns, horsetails, and similar plants.

42
Q

What are the main structural components of Pteridophyta?

A

Roots, stem, and leaves

Pteridophyta have well-differentiated structures.

43
Q

Where are the reproductive organs of Pteridophyta typically located?

A

Hidden

Examples include Marsilea and fern.

44
Q

What type of tissue is specialized for food and water conduction in Pteridophyta?

A

Vascular tissues

Vascular tissues are essential for the transport of nutrients.

45
Q

In which environments are Selaginella typically found?

A

Cracks of rocks, moist and shady places

Selaginella is a type of Pteridophyta.

46
Q

What term is used for less evolved plants that do not produce seeds?

A

Cryptogams

Cryptogams include thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.

47
Q

What are sporophylls?

A

Leaflets that bear spores

Sporophylls are characteristic of certain Pteridophyta like Pteris.

48
Q

What distinguishes Phanerogams from Cryptogams?

A

Seeds, flowers, and fruits are present

Phanerogams are highly evolved plants.

49
Q

What are the two main groups of Phanerogams?

A

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

These groups are characterized by the presence of seeds and reproductive organs.

50
Q

What do Gymnosperms bear?

A

Naked seeds

Gymnosperms include conifers and cycads.

51
Q

What type of seeds do Angiosperms produce?

A

Covered seeds

Angiosperms are flowering plants.

52
Q

What does ‘Gymno’ mean in the context of gymnosperms?

A

Without cover

53
Q

What does ‘Sperma’ refer to in gymnosperms?

A

Seeds without fruit

54
Q

What are the typical characteristics of gymnosperms?

A
  • Usually perennials
  • Evergreen
  • Mostly woody plants
  • True roots, stem, and leaves present
  • Xylem vessel absent
  • Phloem companion cells absent
55
Q

What types of plants are included in gymnosperms?

A
  • Pine
  • Deodar
  • Cycas
56
Q

What does ‘Angio’ mean in the context of angiosperms?

A

Covered

57
Q

What does ‘Sperma’ refer to in angiosperms?

A

Seed

58
Q

What are the two main types of angiosperms?

A
  • Monocots
  • Dicots
59
Q

What is a key feature of angiosperms in relation to seeds?

A

Seeds are enclosed within fruit

60
Q

What is the role of cotyledons in angiosperms?

A

Structures called seed leaves that are part of the embryo

61
Q

During seed germination, what does the ovary develop into?

A

Fruit

62
Q

Which parts of the flower are involved in the transition from flower to fruit?

A
  • Petals
  • Ovary
  • Ovules
  • Stamen
  • Pedicel
  • Style
  • Sigma
  • Sepal
63
Q

True or False: Gymnosperms are typically non-woody plants.

A

False

64
Q

Fill in the blank: Gymnosperms have _______ seeds that are primitive and simple.

A

[primitive and simple]

65
Q

What type of environment do coniferous forests typically represent?

A

Temperate regions

66
Q

What types of plants are classified as non-woody?

A
  • Herbs
  • Shrubs

D Bio Plant Kingdom 2 (1 decks)

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