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Plant Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

Who is considered the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Haeckel’s contributions to taxonomy include the establishment of a two-kingdom classification system.

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2
Q

What classification system did Carl Linnaeus develop in 1735?

A

The Hierarchy of Classification

Carl Linnaeus is known for his systematic approach to classifying organisms.

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3
Q

What are the two kingdoms in Haeckel’s two-kingdom classification?

A
  • Animal
  • Plant
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4
Q

Who proposed the five kingdoms classification in 1969?

A

Robert Whittaker

Whittaker’s classification system expanded the understanding of biological diversity.

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5
Q

What are the three domains proposed by Carl Woese in 1997?

A
  • Monera
  • Protista
  • Fungi

Woese’s classification revolutionized the understanding of microbial life.

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6
Q

What is the definition of taxonomy?

A

The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Taxonomy includes all plants, animals, and microorganisms.

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7
Q

What is the correct order of biological classification from broadest to most specific?

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum (Animals) / Division (Plants)
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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8
Q

True or False: Ernst Haeckel coined the term ‘Ecology’.

A

True

Haeckel introduced the term ‘Ecology’ in 1866.

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9
Q

Who is known as the Father of Indian Ecology?

A

Ramdeo Mishra

Mishra made significant contributions to the field of ecology in India.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The two important kingdoms in taxonomy are _______ and _______.

A

[Animalia], [Plantae]

These kingdoms are fundamental to the classification of life.

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11
Q

What are the two main types of cell structures in classification?

A

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

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12
Q

What are the two forms of organism organization in classification?

A

Unicellular and Multicellular

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13
Q

What are the modes of nutrition in classification?

A

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

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14
Q

What is the kingdom that contains microscopic prokaryotic organisms?

A

Kingdom Monera

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15
Q

What is a characteristic feature of organisms in Kingdom Monera?

A

Cell wall may be present or absent

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16
Q

What is the kingdom that consists of unicellular eukaryotic organisms?

A

Kingdom Protista

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17
Q

What type of nucleus and organelles do organisms in Kingdom Protista lack?

A

Well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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18
Q

How do organisms in Kingdom Protista primarily move?

A

Through appendages

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19
Q

What is the mode of nutrition for organisms in Kingdom Protista?

A

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

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20
Q

Give an example of a unicellular organism in Kingdom Protista.

A

Euglena

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21
Q

What is a notable feature of Phylum Protozoa?

A

Unicellular, mostly aquatic, solitary or colonial

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22
Q

What types of living conditions can Prokaryotes have?

A

Free living, parasitic, or symbiotic

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23
Q

Name three organisms classified under Monera.

A

Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium

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24
Q

What type of organisms are mostly autotrophs in Kingdom Monera?

A

Few are photosynthetic

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25
What are the defining cell structures present in Eukaryotes?
Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Plasma membrane
26
What is the cell wall status in Eukaryotes?
Cell wall may be present or absent
27
Which kingdom includes multicellular organisms?
Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
28
Fill in the blank: Kingdom Monera includes _______ organisms.
Prokaryotic
29
True or False: Organisms in Kingdom Protista have a cell wall.
False
30
What is the function of vacuoles in Euglena?
Storage and transport of substances ## Footnote Includes food vacuoles and contractile vacuoles.
31
What structure helps in movement in Euglena?
Flagellum ## Footnote A tail-like structure aiding locomotion.
32
What are cilia?
Short hair-like structures that aid in movement ## Footnote Commonly found in Paramecium.
33
What is the pellicle?
A flexible outer covering of Euglena ## Footnote Provides structure and support.
34
What is the role of the anterior contractile vacuole?
Helps in movement and food transport to the oral cavity ## Footnote Important for osmoregulation.
35
What is the posterior contractile vacuole's function?
Regulates water balance in the cell ## Footnote Expels excess water.
36
What is the main component of cytoplasm?
Cytosol and organelles ## Footnote The site of metabolic processes.
37
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis ## Footnote Contains chlorophyll for light absorption.
38
What is the nucleolus?
Structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes ## Footnote Plays a critical role in protein synthesis.
39
What is the role of mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell, generates ATP ## Footnote Involved in cellular respiration.
40
What are ribosomes responsible for?
Protein synthesis ## Footnote Can be found free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
41
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins ## Footnote Essential for secretion and transport within the cell.
42
What is the function of the eyespot (stigma)?
Detects light ## Footnote Helps Euglena to orient towards light for photosynthesis.
43
What is ectoplasm?
The outer gel-like layer of cytoplasm ## Footnote Helps in cell movement.
44
What is endoplasm?
The inner fluid part of the cytoplasm ## Footnote Contains organelles and is involved in metabolic activities.
45
What is the macronucleus?
Large nucleus responsible for controlling cellular metabolism ## Footnote Contains multiple copies of the organism's genome.
46
What is the micronucleus?
Small nucleus involved in reproductive processes ## Footnote Contains a reduced set of genetic information.
47
What is the oral groove?
A depression that leads to the mouth of the organism ## Footnote Important for feeding in Paramecium.
48
What is the cytostome?
The cell mouth where food enters ## Footnote Associated with the feeding process.
49
What is the gullet?
A passage through which food moves to the cytostome ## Footnote Facilitates the ingestion of food.
50
What is the cytoproct?
The cell's anal pore for waste expulsion ## Footnote Important for excretion in Paramecium.
51
What is newly formed food vacuole?
Vesicle that contains ingested food ## Footnote Plays a role in digestion.
52
What is the function of paramylon?
Storage polysaccharide in Euglena ## Footnote Acts similarly to starch.
53
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?
Lipid synthesis and detoxification ## Footnote Lacks ribosomes on its surface.
54
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by?
Presence of ribosomes on its surface ## Footnote Involved in protein synthesis and processing.
55
What are lysosomes?
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes ## Footnote Important for breaking down waste materials.
56
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
Regulates water balance and expels excess water ## Footnote Essential for osmoregulation in freshwater organisms.
57
What is a photoreceptor (paraflagellar body)?
Structure involved in light detection ## Footnote Helps the organism respond to light stimuli.
58
What is the primary characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?
Multicellular except yeast ## Footnote Fungi typically consist of multiple cells, with the exception of yeast, which is unicellular.
59
What is the cell wall of fungi primarily made of?
Complex sugar chitin ## Footnote Chitin provides structural support to fungal cells.
60
What are the two types of cytoplasm found in cells?
Ectoplasm and Endoplasm ## Footnote Ectoplasm is the outer layer, while endoplasm is the inner, more fluid part of the cytoplasm.
61
Which organism is commonly known as bread mould?
Rhizopus ## Footnote Rhizopus is a genus of fungi that commonly grows on bread.
62
What is the function of a food vacuole in amoeba?
To store food ## Footnote Food vacuoles are essential for digestion and nutrient storage in amoeba.
63
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
Regulates water balance ## Footnote Contractile vacuoles help maintain osmotic balance by expelling excess water.
64
What is a pseudopod?
Temporary protrusion of the cell ## Footnote Pseudopods are used by some cells, like amoeba, for movement and feeding.
65
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains genetic material ## Footnote The nucleus is crucial for cell regulation and reproduction.
66
True or False: All fungi are multicellular.
False ## Footnote Yeast is an example of a unicellular fungus.
67
Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is present in _______.
[all cells] ## Footnote The cell membrane is a fundamental structure in all types of cells.
68
What is a common example of a fungus that can be found on bread?
Mushroom ## Footnote While mushrooms are often associated with soil and decaying matter, some fungi like Rhizopus can also grow on bread.
69
What is an example of a symbiotic relationship involving fungi?
Lichen - Blue green algae + fungi ## Footnote Lichens are a combination of a fungus and an alga that benefit from each other.
70
What changes in lichen color are attributed to?
Global warming ## Footnote Changes in environmental conditions can affect the pigmentation of lichens.
71
What does blue green algae provide to fungi in a lichen?
Water + minerals ## Footnote This mutual benefit enhances survival in harsh environments.
72
What is the mode of nutrition for fungi?
Heterotrophic
73
What type of nutrition do saprophytic fungi utilize?
Decaying organic material as food
74
What is the scientific name for yeast?
Saccharomyces
75
What is the defining characteristic of parasitic fungi?
Dependent on protoplasm of a host organism for food
76
What is India's first lichen park?
Uttarakhand
77
Who discovered Penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
78
What is Penicillin known for?
1st antibiotic
79
What type of fungus is Penicillium?
Mold
80
What type of fungus is Agaricus?
Mushroom
81
Fill in the blank: Yeast is used in _______.
Bakery
82
What is the primary characteristic of organisms in the Kingdom Plantae?
Multicellular eukaryotes with a cell wall ## Footnote Organisms in this kingdom are autotrophic and sedentary.
83
What are the main criteria for classifying Kingdom Plantae?
* Differentiation of plant body and distinct components * Presence or absence of vascular tissues * Ability to bear seeds ## Footnote These criteria help in understanding the complexity and evolutionary relationships among plants.
84
What is the composition of the cell wall in plants?
Made up of cellulose ## Footnote Cellulose provides structural support to plant cells.
85
What is a key reproductive feature of many plants in the Kingdom Plantae?
Seeds are enclosed within fruits ## Footnote This characteristic is important for seed protection and dispersal.
86
What is the ability of plants that produce flowers?
Ability to produce flowers ## Footnote Flowering is a key feature in the reproduction of angiosperms.
87
What type of plants are classified as Thallophyta?
Plants that do not have differentiated body parts ## Footnote Thallophyta includes simpler forms of plants like algae.
88
What type of plants are classified as Bryophyta?
Plants with differentiated body parts without vascular tissues ## Footnote Examples include mosses and liverworts.
89
What type of plants have vascular tissues?
Plants with vascular tissues ## Footnote Vascular plants include ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

D Bio Plant Kingdom 1 (1 decks)

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