PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards
System based mainly on vegetable characters or on the androecium structure (system given by linnaeus)
Artificial system
System based mainly on vegetable characters or on the androecium structure (system given by linnaeus)
Artificial system
Artificial system give equal weightage to
Vegetative and sexual characteristics
Artificial system give equal weightage to
Vegetative and sexual characteristics
____________are more easily affected by environment
Vegetative characters
System based on natural affinity among the organisms and consider not only the external feature but also the internal features like ultra structure ,anatomy ,embryology, phytochemistry
NATURAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Natural classification system was given by
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
Numerical taxonomy which is carried out using computer is based on_______________.
All observable characteristics.
In numerical taxonomy each character is given________ importance and at the same time________ of characters can be considered
Equal
Hundreds
System based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure ,behaviour.
Cytotaxonomy
Chemotaxonomy is that which uses the _________constituent of plant to resolve confusions, are also used by taxonomists these days
Chemical
_________are thalloid
Algae
________ is colonial algae
Volvox
The filamentous form of algae are
Ulothrix
Spirogyra
In algae,
Marine forms such as _______ form massive plant body
Kelps
Gametes of ulothrix are
Flagellated(motile)
And
Similar in size
Gametes of spirogyra are
Non flagellated(non motile)
And
Similar in size
Isogamous reproduction shown by . (2)
Ulothrix and spirogyra
Fusion of 2 gametes dissimilar in size is ____________ reproduction
Anisogamous
Anisogamous reproduction is shown by
Eudorina
Fusion between one large, non-motile ___________ and a smaller, motile ___________ is termed as __________ .
Female gamete
Male gamete
Oogamous
Oogamous reproduction shown by
Volvox and Fucus
Sar,vol,fu,cha,red
In algae vegetative reproduction is by ___________
Fragmentation
In algae asexual reproduction is by __________ .
Zoospores
Zoospores are (flagellated/ciliated)
Flagellated
Many Species of___________,________,and ___________are among the 70 species of marine algae used as food
Porphyra
Laminaria
Sargassum
Certain Marine brown and red algae produce large amount of____________________
Hydrocolloids (water holding substances)
Hydrocolloid obtained from brown algae
Algin
Carrageen
(red algae /brown algae)
Algin
(red algae /brown algae)
Carrageen(red algae)
Algin(brown algae)
________, one of the commercial products obtained from __________and _________ are used to grow microbes and in preparation of ice creams and jellies.
Agar
Gelidium
Gracilaria
________, one of the commercial products obtained from __________and _________ are used to grow microbes and in preparation of ice creams and jellies.
Agar
Gelidium
Gracilaria
___________ ,a ___________ algae rich in protein is used as food supplements even by ___________________
Chlorella
Unicellular
Space travellers
The algae are divided into three main classes
1)
2)
3)
?
1) Chlorophyceae(green)
2) Phaeophyceae(brown)
3) Rhodophyceae(red)
Green algae are usually grass green due to dominance of pigments chlorophyll __ and __
A and B
The pigments of green algae localised in definite ___________.
Chloroplast.
In green algae,
Most of the member have one or more storage bodies called ___________ located in ___________.
Pyrenoids
Chloroplasts
Pyrenoids contain _________ beside __________.
Protein
Starch
Some green algae store food in the form of _____________
Oil droplets
Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of ___________ and outer layer of ___________.
Cellulose (inner)
Pectose (outer)
In green algae ,
Asexual reproduction is by _________________ produced in _________________.
Flagellated zoospores
Zoosporangia
Commonly found green algae are
(C4 SUV)
Chlamydomonas
Chara
Chlorella
Cladophora
Spirogyra
Ulothrix
Volvox
The filamentous form of brown algae is ?
Ectocarpus
The profusely branch form of brown algae is ?
Kelps ,which may reach a height of 100 meters.
In brown algae the pigments found are
Chl - A
Chl - C
Carotenoids
Xanthophylls(fucoxanthin)
Food stored in brown algae in form of ?
Laminarin or mannitol.
Green algae food is stored in form of?
Oil droplets / Starch
In brown algae,
The vegetative cells have a _________ walls usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of_________
Cellulosic
Algin
In brown algae the protoplast contains in addition to plastids _________located vacuole and nucleus
Centrally.
The plant body is usually attached to the substratum by a____________, and has a stalk, the___________and leaf like photosynthetic organ ,the____________.
Holdfast
Stipe
Frond
Brown algae the leaf like photosynthetic organ is
Frond
In brown algae ,
Asexual reproduction is by __________ zoospores that are
__________ shaped and have 2 __________ laterally attached flagella.
Biflagellate
Pear
Unequal
In Brown algae,
The gametes are _____________ and bear 2 laterally attached flagella.
Pyriform
The commonly found brown algae are
Fu,Di,Sa,La,E,K
Fucus
Dictyota
Sargassum
Laminaria
Ectocarpus
Kelps
Pigments found in red algae
Chl- a
Chl- d
R - phycoerythrin
Majority of red algae are marine with greater concentrations found in the_______ areas
Warmer
Which algae occur in both well lighted region close to the surface of water and also at great depths in the ocean where relatively little light penetrates
Red algae
The Red thalli of most of the red algae are
Multicellular
In red algae the food is stored in form of
Floridean starch
The structure of floridean starch is similar to
Amylopectin and Glycogen
Non motile spores and non motile gametes are found in which algae
Red algae
The commonly found red algae are
(GGPP)
Gelidium
Gracilaria
Polysiphonia
Porphyra
___________are also called amphibians of the plant Kingdom.
Bryophytes
_____________ are dependent on water for sexual reproduction
Bryophytes.
The plant body of _____________ are more differentiated than that of algae .
Bryophytes
Statement 1 - Bryophytes have true roots,stem or leaves
Statement 2 - Bryophytes have root like , stem like and leaf like structures
Statement 1 Incorrect
Statement 2 Correct
Statement 1 : Gametophyte is main plant body in bryophytes
Statement 2 : Gametophyte is haploid and produce gametes
Both Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 : Gametophyte is main plant body in bryophytes
Statement 2 : Gametophyte is haploid and produce gametes
Both Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
The sex organ in bryophytes are ______________
Multicellular
In bryophytes
The male sex organ is called ___________ ,they produce ____________antherozoids
Antheridium
Biflagellate
In bryophytes, antheridium produces
Biflagellate antherozoids.
In bryophytes,
Female sex organ called _____________ is __________ shaped and produces ____________.
Archegonium
Flask
A single egg
In bryophytes,
The antherozoids are released into __________ where they come in contact with archegonium.
Water .
In bryophytes,
The zygote do not undergo ____________ immediately.
Reduction division
In bryophytes,
Zygote do not undergo reduction division immediately they produce a multicellular body called a ____________.
Sporophyte (multicellular)
In bryophytes,
The sporophyte is _________________ but attached to _________________________ and derives _________________ from it.
Not Free living
Photosynthetic Gametophyte
Nourishment.
In bryophytes,
Some cells of sporophyte undergo _________________ to produce ____________spores .
These spores germinate to produce ____________.
Reduction division (meiosis)
Haploid
Gametophyte
_____________in general are of little economic importance.
Bryophytes
Species of _______________, a moss provide _____________ that have long been used as fuel and as packing material for trans shipment of living material because of their capacity to hold water
Sphagnum(moss)
Peat
__________along with _________ are the first organisms to colonize rocks and hence are of great __________ importance.
Mosses
Lichens
Ecological
The bryophytes are divided into
Liverworts and mosses
The plant body of a liverwort is____________ eg.__________
Thalloid
Marchantia
In liverworts,
The thallus is ____________ and closely __________ to the substrate .
Dorsiventral
Appressed(touched not joined)
Asexual reproduction by
1) fragmentation of thalli
2) formation of gemmae
Is found in ________
Liverworts.
Gemmae are green ,____________,
____________buds which develop in small receptacles called Gemma cups located on thalli .
Multicellular
Asexual
In liverworts,
During sexual reproduction,male and female sex organs are produced either on the _______ or ________ thalli .
Same
Different
In liverworts, sporophyte is differentiated into
Foot , setae and capsule
In liverworts,after meiosis spore are produced within _________
Capsule .
The predominant stage of the life cycle of a Moss is the ________________which consists of 2 stages.
Gametophyte
In moss the first stage is _____________ stage which directly develops from a __________
Protonema
Spore
______________is a creeping green branched and frequently filamentous stage
Protonema stage
______________is a creeping green branched and frequently filamentous stage
Protonema stage
In mosses , the second stage is the ___________ stage which develops from _______________ as a ____________.
Leafy
Secondary protonema
Lateral bud
Slender axis bearing Spirally arranged leaves
Attached to soil through multicellular and branched rhizoids
This stage bears sex organ .
Which stage is reffered above
Leafy stage
Statement 1)Vegetative reproduction in moss is by fragmentation and budding
Statement 2)Vegetative reproduction takes place in secondary protonema
Both are correct
The sporophyte in Mosses is________________ than that in liverwort
More elaborate
______________ have an elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal.
Mosses .
Common example of Moses are
(Fps)
Funaria
Polytrichum
Sphagnum
Marchantia is a _______________
Liverwort.
In bryophytes vascular tissues are____________
Absent
The pteridophytes include ___________&_________
Horsetails
ferns
Pteridophytes are used for ______________and as_____________. They are also frequently grown as_______________.
Medicinal purposes
Soil binders
Ornamentals
Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess______________.
Vascular tissues -xylem and phloem
Bryophytes are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hill (T/F)
True
Statement 1: The pteridophytes are found in cool,damp and shady places
Statement 2: Some pteridophyte may not flourish well in sandy soil conditions
Statement 1 is correct
Statement 2 in incorrect
Some pteridophyte may flourish well in sandy soil condition
In pteridophytes the main plant body is a _____________which is differentiated into________roots stem and leaves
Sporophyte
True
The leaves in pteridophyta are small (____________) as in ______________ or large(__________)
as in ____________.
(Microphylls)
Selaginella
(Macrophylls)
Ferns
The leaves in pteridophyta are small (____________) as in ______________ or large(__________)
as in ____________.
(Microphylls)
Selaginella
(Macrophylls)
Ferns
In pteridophytes,
The sporophytes bear ____________that are subtended by leaf like appendages called____________.
Sporangia
Sporophylls
In some cases sporophylls may form distinct compact structure called_______________
Strobili or cones
Strobili or cones are present in which pteridophytes?
Selaginella
Equisetum
The sporangia produce pores by meiosis in___________
Spore mother cells
The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicious, small but multicellular, free living mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophyte called_________
Prothallus
Gametophyte of pteridophyta is inconspicuous,thalloid, free-living and photosynthetic
Is is known as __________
Prothallus
Prothallus bears male sex organ _____________ and female sex organ _____________.
Antheridia
Archegonia
In pteridophytes,
___________ is required for tranfer of antherozoids to the mouth of archegonium.
Water
In pteridophytes,
Zygote there after produces a multicellular well differentiated sporophyte which is the ____________phase of pteridophytes
Dominant
Pteridophyta produce same kind of spore are
Homosporous
Pteridophyta produce different kind of spore are
Heterosporous
Heterosporous pteridophyta eg.
(MASS)
Marselia
Azolla
Selaginella
Salvinia
In heterosporous pteridophyta,
The ______________ gametophyte in this plants are retained on the parent sporophyte for variable periods.
Female
Precursor of seed habit is observed in
Pteridophytes
Psiloptum
Psilopsida
Selaginella, lycopodium
Lycopsida
Equisetum
Sphenopsida
Dryopteris
Pteris
Adiantum
Pteropsida
Dryopteris
Pteris
Adiantum
Pteropsida
Naked seed are seen in
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms includes
Medium sized trees
Tall trees
Shrubs
Gymnosperms includes
Medium sized trees
Tall trees
Shrubs
One the gymnosperm, The giant redwood tree___________ is one of the tallest tree species .
Sequoia
Roots of _______ have fungal association in form of mycorrhiza
Pinus
