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Intro To Horticulture > Plant Growth Environment > Flashcards

Plant Growth Environment Flashcards

1
Q

A combination of above ground environmental factors - temperature, moisture, sunlight and air - and is characteristic of a region.

A

Climate

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2
Q

Regions may receive 75 to 100 cm of precipitation

A

Humid regions

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3
Q

A small area with a climate differing from that of the surrounding area because the factors such as exposure elevation and sheltering structures

A

Microclimate

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4
Q

Loss of moisture from any surface… Soil loses moisture this way

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

Loss of moisture by plants

A

Transpiration

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6
Q

The composite effect of the interplay of temperature precipitation wind light and relative humidity as it pertains to a specific locality

A

Weather

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7
Q

A belt of warm air above the cold air in the valley and is a region where conditions are conducive to fruit production

A

Thermal belt

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8
Q

Factors in the environment are air water temperature and light and nonliving

A

Abiotic

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9
Q

Involving living organisms

A

Biotic

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10
Q

The ratio of the weight of water vapor in a given quantity of air to the total weight of water vapor that quantity of air can hold in a given temperature expressed as a percentage

A

Relative humidity

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11
Q

The total loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and by transpiration from plants from a given area and over a specified period

A

Evapotranspiration

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12
Q

A form of oxygen found in the stratosphere that is more effective than ordinary oxygen in shielding living organisms from the adverse effects of intense ultraviolet radiation

A

Ozone

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13
Q

A gaseous environment that consists of many components most importantly nitrogen carbon dioxide hydrogen and oxygen

A

Air

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14
Q

Required for respiration the process by which energy is released from stored plant food for use by plants

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

The water content of air

A

Humidity

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16
Q

Humanity is measured in units of relative humidity by using this instrument

A

Psychrometer

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17
Q

May be erected in windy regions to reduce wind velocity so that crops can be produced successfully

A

Wind breaks

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18
Q

A mineral deficiency symptom in which affected plants show yellowish or greenish yellow coloration in their leaves

A

Chlorosis

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19
Q

Death associated with discoloration and dehydration of all or some parts of plants organs

A

Necrosis

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20
Q

Precipitation such as rain snow sleet and hail with a pH of less than 5.6

A

Acid precipitation

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21
Q

Produced when sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid

A

Acid rain

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22
Q

Required for germination first step in plant growth

A

Water

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23
Q

Occurs when a plant is unable to absorb adequate water to replace that lost by transpiration

A

Moisture stress

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24
Q

The intensity factor of heat energy is important in all plant biological chrmical and physiological processes

A

Temperature

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25
Plants adapted to cold temperatures or other adverse climate conditions of an area
Hardy plants
26
Adapting plants to outdoor conditions by withholding water lowering the temperature and altering the nutrient supply
Hardening off
27
Frequently require cold treatment or winter chilling to flower
Biennial plants
28
Dome shaped moisture resistant paper caps used to cover plants individually in the field
Hot caps
29
Spreading polyethylene sheets over the seedbed provides warmth for germination and seedling growth
Plastic mulching
30
Polyethylene sheets or other fabric may be used to cover rows of crops for protection from Frost
Row covers
31
A kind of row cover but the top is designed to be opened if necessary during the daytime when temperatures are too high
Polyethylene tunnels
32
The condition in which colder air underlies warmer air
Air inversion
33
The number of degrees Fahrenheit by which the mean daily temperature exceeds a base minimum temperature
Heat unit
34
Plants in north-south oriented rows
Are self shading as the sun moves
35
Plants in east-west rows
The shade cast falls to the ground
36
Abnormally elongation of stems caused by insufficient light
Etiolation
37
Response to the duration and timing of day and night
Photoperiodism
38
Plants that flower under only certain day-length conditions
Photoperiodic
39
Strawberries violets Poinsettia Cocklebur
Short-day plant or long night plants
40
Henbane spinach babies breath
Long day plants or short night plants
41
Tomato corn and cucumber
Day neutral plants
42
Certain grasses such as Indiangrass
Intermediate day plants
43
Interrupting the long night with a short period of light
Flash lighting
44
Carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide
Greenhouse gases
45
A global rise in temperature this phenomenon is primarily responsible for warming indirectly the earth
Greenhouse effect
46
For an epidemic to occur there must be a susceptible host pathogen and favorable environment
Disease triangle
47
The primary medium for crop growth although modern technology allows crops to be grown and other media
Soil
48
The process by which parent material is broken down into small particles
Weathering
49
The rocks from which soils are formed
Parent material
50
When a deep trench is dug to expose a vertical cross-section of the soil one usually can observe different layers
Soil horizons
51
A vertical cross-section of the soil showing the various layers or horizons that have developed over the period of soil formation
Soil profile
52
Is the upper layer of soil where most plant roots are found
Topsoil
53
A transitional zone in the soil profile a "catch zone" for Particles and Mineral Elements That Have Moved down from the Top Soil by Water Action
Subsoil
54
The relative percentage of sand silt and Clay in a soil
Soil texture
55
A soil with approximately equal amounts of sand silt and Clay
Loam
56
The arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary particles units or peds
Soil structure
57
Soil must not be what went wet because the soil structure will be destroyed
Tilled
58
The weight of oven dried soil divided by the volume of soil
Bulk density
59
The base exchange capacity or measure of total exchangeable cations a soil can hold
Cation-exchange capacity
60
Major or primary or secondary nutrients
Macronutrients
61
Minor or trace nutrients
Micronutrients
62
Major or primary micronutrients
Nitrogen phosphorus potassium
63
Secondary macronutrients
Calcium magnesium sulfur
64
Minor or trace micronutrients
Iron Manganese Molybdenum Copper Boron Zinc Chlorine
65
A chemical element that is required in large amounts usually greater than one ppm for the growth and development of plants
Macronutrient
66
Plants absorb this element in its inorganic form as nitrate ions and occasionally as ammonium. Is used in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins and as a component of chlorophyll and enzymes. Promotes vegetative growth and as result may delay maturity. Deficiency causes stunted growth with leaves turning light green then yellow (chlorosis)
Nitrogen (N)
67
A condition in which a plant or a part of the plant turns greenish yellow due to poor chlorophyll development or the destruction of the chlorophyll resulting from a pathogen or mineral deficiency
Chlorsis
68
Is absorbed primarily as orthophosphate ions. Is found to induce root proliferation and early crop maturity. When deficient in the soil leaves become dark bluish or greenish and plants becomes stunted
Phosphorus (P)
69
Absorbed by plants in its ionic form. Is the catalyst for enzymes reactions and is also important in protein synthesis translocation storages starch and growth of meristematic tissue. Occurs in the plant tissue as a soluble inorganic salt. When deficient in the soil the root system and stems become weak and prone to lodging yield is reduced
Potassium
70
Used in correcting soil acidity so that other so nutrient nutrient elements can be made available to plants in appropriate amount. When deficient plant tissue formation is in incomplete the terminal bud may cease to grow leaving a blunt end
Calcium
71
Is released when rock minerals such as dolomite, biotite and serpentine decompose. Is essential in the formation of fats and sugars. Marbling of the older leaves proceeding to younger leaves as deficiency intensify
Magnesium
72
Is obtained primarily from the decomposition of metal sulfides in igneous rocks. Is an ingredient in vitamins and amino acids. Deficiency shows as chlorotic foliage and the stems of affected plants are weak thin hard and woody
Sulfur
73
This is mobile in the plant system it affects flowering fruiting cell division water relations and other processes in the plant. When deficient symptoms appear at the top of the plant terminal buds die producing growth described as witches'-broom
Boron
74
Is a component of many enzymes and a catalyst in the synthesis of chlorophyll. Deficiency shows up as interveinal chlorosis of young leaves. Is immobile and thus the deficiency appears first in young leaves
Iron
75
A chemical element that is required in small amounts usually less than one ppm for the growth and development of plants
Micronutrient

Intro To Horticulture (2 decks)

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