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Intro To Horticulture > Plant Growth Environment > Flashcards

Plant Growth Environment Flashcards

1
Q

A combination of above ground environmental factors - temperature, moisture, sunlight and air - and is characteristic of a region.

A

Climate

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2
Q

Regions may receive 75 to 100 cm of precipitation

A

Humid regions

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3
Q

A small area with a climate differing from that of the surrounding area because the factors such as exposure elevation and sheltering structures

A

Microclimate

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4
Q

Loss of moisture from any surface… Soil loses moisture this way

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

Loss of moisture by plants

A

Transpiration

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6
Q

The composite effect of the interplay of temperature precipitation wind light and relative humidity as it pertains to a specific locality

A

Weather

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7
Q

A belt of warm air above the cold air in the valley and is a region where conditions are conducive to fruit production

A

Thermal belt

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8
Q

Factors in the environment are air water temperature and light and nonliving

A

Abiotic

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9
Q

Involving living organisms

A

Biotic

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10
Q

The ratio of the weight of water vapor in a given quantity of air to the total weight of water vapor that quantity of air can hold in a given temperature expressed as a percentage

A

Relative humidity

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11
Q

The total loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and by transpiration from plants from a given area and over a specified period

A

Evapotranspiration

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12
Q

A form of oxygen found in the stratosphere that is more effective than ordinary oxygen in shielding living organisms from the adverse effects of intense ultraviolet radiation

A

Ozone

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13
Q

A gaseous environment that consists of many components most importantly nitrogen carbon dioxide hydrogen and oxygen

A

Air

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14
Q

Required for respiration the process by which energy is released from stored plant food for use by plants

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

The water content of air

A

Humidity

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16
Q

Humanity is measured in units of relative humidity by using this instrument

A

Psychrometer

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17
Q

May be erected in windy regions to reduce wind velocity so that crops can be produced successfully

A

Wind breaks

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18
Q

A mineral deficiency symptom in which affected plants show yellowish or greenish yellow coloration in their leaves

A

Chlorosis

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19
Q

Death associated with discoloration and dehydration of all or some parts of plants organs

A

Necrosis

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20
Q

Precipitation such as rain snow sleet and hail with a pH of less than 5.6

A

Acid precipitation

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21
Q

Produced when sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid

A

Acid rain

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22
Q

Required for germination first step in plant growth

A

Water

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23
Q

Occurs when a plant is unable to absorb adequate water to replace that lost by transpiration

A

Moisture stress

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24
Q

The intensity factor of heat energy is important in all plant biological chrmical and physiological processes

A

Temperature

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25
Q

Plants adapted to cold temperatures or other adverse climate conditions of an area

A

Hardy plants

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26
Q

Adapting plants to outdoor conditions by withholding water lowering the temperature and altering the nutrient supply

A

Hardening off

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27
Q

Frequently require cold treatment or winter chilling to flower

A

Biennial plants

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28
Q

Dome shaped moisture resistant paper caps used to cover plants individually in the field

A

Hot caps

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29
Q

Spreading polyethylene sheets over the seedbed provides warmth for germination and seedling growth

A

Plastic mulching

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30
Q

Polyethylene sheets or other fabric may be used to cover rows of crops for protection from Frost

A

Row covers

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31
Q

A kind of row cover but the top is designed to be opened if necessary during the daytime when temperatures are too high

A

Polyethylene tunnels

32
Q

The condition in which colder air underlies warmer air

A

Air inversion

33
Q

The number of degrees Fahrenheit by which the mean daily temperature exceeds a base minimum temperature

A

Heat unit

34
Q

Plants in north-south oriented rows

A

Are self shading as the sun moves

35
Q

Plants in east-west rows

A

The shade cast falls to the ground

36
Q

Abnormally elongation of stems caused by insufficient light

A

Etiolation

37
Q

Response to the duration and timing of day and night

A

Photoperiodism

38
Q

Plants that flower under only certain day-length conditions

A

Photoperiodic

39
Q

Strawberries violets Poinsettia Cocklebur

A

Short-day plant or long night plants

40
Q

Henbane spinach babies breath

A

Long day plants or short night plants

41
Q

Tomato corn and cucumber

A

Day neutral plants

42
Q

Certain grasses such as Indiangrass

A

Intermediate day plants

43
Q

Interrupting the long night with a short period of light

A

Flash lighting

44
Q

Carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide

A

Greenhouse gases

45
Q

A global rise in temperature this phenomenon is primarily responsible for warming indirectly the earth

A

Greenhouse effect

46
Q

For an epidemic to occur there must be a susceptible host pathogen and favorable environment

A

Disease triangle

47
Q

The primary medium for crop growth although modern technology allows crops to be grown and other media

A

Soil

48
Q

The process by which parent material is broken down into small particles

A

Weathering

49
Q

The rocks from which soils are formed

A

Parent material

50
Q

When a deep trench is dug to expose a vertical cross-section of the soil one usually can observe different layers

A

Soil horizons

51
Q

A vertical cross-section of the soil showing the various layers or horizons that have developed over the period of soil formation

A

Soil profile

52
Q

Is the upper layer of soil where most plant roots are found

A

Topsoil

53
Q

A transitional zone in the soil profile a “catch zone” for Particles and Mineral Elements That Have Moved down from the Top Soil by Water Action

A

Subsoil

54
Q

The relative percentage of sand silt and Clay in a soil

A

Soil texture

55
Q

A soil with approximately equal amounts of sand silt and Clay

A

Loam

56
Q

The arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary particles units or peds

A

Soil structure

57
Q

Soil must not be what went wet because the soil structure will be destroyed

A

Tilled

58
Q

The weight of oven dried soil divided by the volume of soil

A

Bulk density

59
Q

The base exchange capacity or measure of total exchangeable cations a soil can hold

A

Cation-exchange capacity

60
Q

Major or primary or secondary nutrients

A

Macronutrients

61
Q

Minor or trace nutrients

A

Micronutrients

62
Q

Major or primary micronutrients

A

Nitrogen phosphorus potassium

63
Q

Secondary macronutrients

A

Calcium magnesium sulfur

64
Q

Minor or trace micronutrients

A

Iron Manganese Molybdenum Copper Boron Zinc Chlorine

65
Q

A chemical element that is required in large amounts usually greater than one ppm for the growth and development of plants

A

Macronutrient

66
Q

Plants absorb this element in its inorganic form as nitrate ions and occasionally as ammonium. Is used in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins and as a component of chlorophyll and enzymes. Promotes vegetative growth and as result may delay maturity. Deficiency causes stunted growth with leaves turning light green then yellow (chlorosis)

A

Nitrogen (N)

67
Q

A condition in which a plant or a part of the plant turns greenish yellow due to poor chlorophyll development or the destruction of the chlorophyll resulting from a pathogen or mineral deficiency

A

Chlorsis

68
Q

Is absorbed primarily as orthophosphate ions. Is found to induce root proliferation and early crop maturity. When deficient in the soil leaves become dark bluish or greenish and plants becomes stunted

A

Phosphorus (P)

69
Q

Absorbed by plants in its ionic form. Is the catalyst for enzymes reactions and is also important in protein synthesis translocation storages starch and growth of meristematic tissue. Occurs in the plant tissue as a soluble inorganic salt. When deficient in the soil the root system and stems become weak and prone to lodging yield is reduced

A

Potassium

70
Q

Used in correcting soil acidity so that other so nutrient nutrient elements can be made available to plants in appropriate amount. When deficient plant tissue formation is in incomplete the terminal bud may cease to grow leaving a blunt end

A

Calcium

71
Q

Is released when rock minerals such as dolomite, biotite and serpentine decompose. Is essential in the formation of fats and sugars. Marbling of the older leaves proceeding to younger leaves as deficiency intensify

A

Magnesium

72
Q

Is obtained primarily from the decomposition of metal sulfides in igneous rocks. Is an ingredient in vitamins and amino acids. Deficiency shows as chlorotic foliage and the stems of affected plants are weak thin hard and woody

A

Sulfur

73
Q

This is mobile in the plant system it affects flowering fruiting cell division water relations and other processes in the plant. When deficient symptoms appear at the top of the plant terminal buds die producing growth described as witches’-broom

A

Boron

74
Q

Is a component of many enzymes and a catalyst in the synthesis of chlorophyll. Deficiency shows up as interveinal chlorosis of young leaves. Is immobile and thus the deficiency appears first in young leaves

A

Iron

75
Q

A chemical element that is required in small amounts usually less than one ppm for the growth and development of plants

A

Micronutrient

Intro To Horticulture (2 decks)

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