Plant Growth And Development Flashcards
What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy?
Photosynthesis
True or False: Plant growth is solely dependent on water availability.
False
Fill in the blank: The main hormone responsible for plant growth is __________.
Auxin
What are the two main types of plant growth?
Primary growth and secondary growth
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for nutrient and water uptake?
Roots
True or False: The shoot apical meristem is responsible for the growth in height of a plant.
True
What is the term for the process by which plants lose water through their leaves?
Transpiration
Name one environmental factor that can influence plant growth.
Light, temperature, water, soil nutrients
What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
It captures light energy for photosynthesis.
Fill in the blank: The two main types of plant tissues are __________ and __________.
Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue
Which hormone promotes fruit ripening?
Ethylene
What is phototropism?
The growth of a plant toward light.
True or False: All plants reproduce sexually.
False
What is the main function of the xylem in plants?
To transport water and minerals from roots to other parts.
What is the function of phloem in plants?
To transport sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis.
Which stage of plant development follows germination?
Seedling stage
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
Germination
What is the term for the area of active cell division in plants?
Meristem
True or False: Plants can grow in complete darkness.
False
What is the role of mycorrhizae in plant growth?
They enhance nutrient and water absorption.
Name the three essential nutrients for plant growth.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
What is the primary role of roots in plants?
Anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients.
What is the significance of leaf structure in photosynthesis?
Leaves have a large surface area and contain chlorophyll for maximizing light absorption.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the plant that produces flowers and seeds.
Reproductive structure
What is the role of stomata in plants?
To regulate gas exchange and transpiration.
True or False: All plants have a vascular system.
False
What is apical dominance?
The phenomenon where the main central stem of the plant grows more strongly than other side stems.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a plant response to gravity.
Gravitropism
What type of growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots?
Primary growth
True or False: Plant cells are generally larger than animal cells.
True
Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
Leaves
What is the primary function of flowers?
Reproduction
Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized structures in plants that aid in reproduction.
Flowers
What is the function of the cuticle in plants?
To reduce water loss.
What is the term for the period of dormancy in plants?
Dormancy
True or False: All plants require the same amount of water for optimal growth.
False
What is the significance of the seed coat?
It protects the seed from damage and desiccation.
What are the main components of soil that affect plant growth?
Minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the phenomenon where plants respond to touch.
Thigmotropism
What is the role of gibberellins in plant development?
They promote stem elongation and seed germination.
True or False: High levels of nitrogen can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers and fruits.
True
What is the process of asexual reproduction in plants called?
Vegetative propagation
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of the plant life cycle follows fertilization.
Embryonic
What is the role of the endosperm in seeds?
To provide nourishment to the developing embryo.
Name a factor that can inhibit plant growth.
Pests, disease, lack of nutrients, environmental stress
What is the term for the ability of a plant to grow in response to light?
Phototropism
What are plant growth regulators?
Chemical substances that influence plant growth and development.
True or False: Plant growth regulators can only promote growth.
False
Name one type of plant growth regulator.
Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene.
Which plant growth regulator is primarily involved in cell elongation?
Auxins
Fill in the blank: __________ are known to promote seed germination and stem elongation.
Gibberellins
What is the role of cytokinins in plants?
They promote cell division and shoot formation.
True or False: Abscisic acid is involved in the regulation of stomatal closure.
True
Which plant growth regulator is a gas and promotes fruit ripening?
Ethylene
What effect do auxins have on apical dominance?
They promote apical dominance by inhibiting lateral bud growth.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of gibberellins? A) Stem elongation B) Fruit ripening C) Leaf drop
C) Leaf drop
What is the primary function of abscisic acid in response to environmental stress?
It helps plants conserve water by closing stomata.
Fill in the blank: Cytokinins are often used in __________ to promote shoot formation.
tissue culture
True or False: Ethylene can inhibit leaf senescence.
False
What is the primary role of auxins in root development?
They stimulate root growth and formation.
Multiple Choice: Which plant growth regulator is associated with delaying fruit ripening? A) Gibberellins B) Ethylene C) Abscisic acid
C) Abscisic acid
What is the significance of the balance between auxins and cytokinins?
It regulates plant growth and development by influencing cell division and differentiation.
Fill in the blank: __________ are used in agriculture to synchronize flowering in some crops.
Gibberellins
What is one consequence of excessive ethylene production in plants?
Premature ripening and senescence.
True or False: Gibberellins can be used to increase fruit size.
True
What is the primary function of plant growth regulators in agriculture?
To manipulate plant growth for improved yield and quality.
