plant growth

Question 1

xylem

Answer 1

dead cells made of lignin that perform transpiration( transport water and minerals from the high pressure roots to the low pressure leaves)

Question 2

phloem

Answer 2

living cells that perform translocation- transports sucrose and amino acids around the plant depending on where it’s needed it is however an active process requiring energy

Question 3

uses of glucose

Answer 3

starch- storage/reserves
oils/and fats(protection)
cellulose cell walls
respiration in the night
amino acids for protein synthesis (to produce protein also needs nitrate ions from soil)

Question 4

photosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (endothermic reaction requires light energy)+

Question 5

limiting factors photosythesis

Answer 5

light intensity
carbon dioxide
temperature

Question 6

factors affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 6

temperature
humidity
light intensity
air movement

Question 7

function of the stomata

Answer 7

to let out oxygen and let in CO2
also closes if too dry to prevent water loss
guard cells cause it t close

Question 8

spongy mesophyll

Answer 8

gas exchange
letting oxygen diffuse out and CO2 diffuse in
(20% of photosynthesis) More air spaces

Question 9

palisade mesophyll

Answer 9

site of photosynthesis (80%)
Regular box like structure
Most of the chloroplasts (cuz it’s at the top)

Question 10

waxy cuticle

Answer 10

epidermis is water proof and prevents water loss via evaporation

Question 11

meristem stem cells

Answer 11

regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division in any direction
they are found in certain parts of the plant though such as the tip of roots and shoots and in between the xylem and phloem.

Question 12

companion cells

Answer 12

transport of substances in the phloem requires energy. One or more companion cells attached to each sieve tube provide this energy. A sieve tube is completely dependent on its companion cell(s).

Question 13

sieve plate

Answer 13

specialised for transport and have no
nuclei. Each sieve tube has a perforated end so its
cytoplasm connects one cell to the next. Sucrose and amino acids are translocated within the living cytoplasm of the sieve tubes.

Question 14

Flaccid

Answer 14

the cell is dehydrated and it pulls away from the cell wall becoming plasmolysed

Question 15

Turgid

Answer 15

the cell is over hydrated and has become bloated sometimes bursting the cell wall

Question 16

Hypotonic

Answer 16

too much water (lower concentration)

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

Too little water (higher concentration)

Question 18

Isotonic

Answer 18

balenced

Question 19

osmosis in plants

Answer 19

osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane if a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution it will become turgid due to osmosis

Question 20

uses of diffusion in plants

Answer 20

gas exchange in the spongy mesophyll

Question 21

uses of active transport in plants

Answer 21

For plants to take up mineral ions, ions are moved into root hairs, where they are in a higher concentration than in the dilute solutions in the soil. Active transport then occurs across the root so that the plant takes in the ions it needs from the soil around it.

Question 22

Lower epidermis

Answer 22

Bottom of the leaf

Question 23

Upper epidermis

Answer 23

Translucent
To let light in
Physical barriers from pathogens

Question 24

Vascular bundle

Answer 24

Xylem and phloem