Plant & Fungi Diversity

Question 1

Vascular tissue

Answer 1

-xylem

-pholem

Question 2

Taking in abundant CO2 leads to

Answer 2

global cooling

Question 3

Caps and gills

Answer 3

reproductive structures

Question 4

Enter plant root

Answer 4

penetrate

Question 5

Surround root

Answer 5

no penetrate

Question 6

Chytrids

Answer 6

• Flagellated spores
• In lakes, ponds, and soil
• Decomposers or parasitic

Question 7

Terrestrial challenges

Answer 7

• They had to develop a means of maintaining structure and form in a non-buoyant medium
• Fundamental changes to structure and life cycles
• New mode of reproduction required

Question 8

Non-Buoyant Medium

Answer 8

ability to float or rise in a fluid do to their greater density compared to the fluid

Question 9

Maintaining moisture

Answer 9

-waxy cuticle

-stomata

Question 10

Obtaining resources

Answer 10

-soil

-air

Question 11

Discrete organs

Answer 11

-roots

-stem

-vascular tissue

-leaves

Question 12

Early plants, mosses, and ferns produce gametes in male and female structures called

Answer 12

gametogonia

Question 13

Angiosperms

Answer 13

flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit

Question 14

Gymnosperms

Answer 14

-A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in fruits

-naked seeds

Question 15

In mosses, a gametophyte is

Answer 15

larger than sporophyte

Question 16

Carboniferous period

Answer 16

primary material turned into coal

Question 17

Dandelion fruit

Answer 17

carried by the wind

Question 18

Heterotrophic

Answer 18

Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.

Question 19

Hyphae and mycelium

Answer 19

feeding structures

Question 20

Hyphae

Answer 20

Filaments of fungi

Question 21

Mycelium

Answer 21

The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food

Question 22

Chitin

Answer 22

productive casing

Question 23

Sexual reproduction

Answer 23

When hyphae meet, their cytoplasm fuse (not parental chromosomes

Question 24

Imperfect fungi

Answer 24

Only use asexual reproduction

Question 25

Asexual reproduction

Answer 25

haploid mycelia produce spores

Question 26

Zygomycetes (zygote fungi)

Answer 26

* Produce zygosporangium (haploid spores) * Includes fast-growing molds * Primarily decomposers, some are parasitic

Question 27

Glomeromycetes

Answer 27

* Mycorrhizae * 80% of plants share a symbiotic relationship with these fungi

Question 28

Basidiomycetes (club fungi)

Answer 28

* The stereotypical mushy * Mushrooms, shelf fungus, puffballs * Break down lignin in wood * Decomposers

Question 29

Ecological benefits

Answer 29

* Symbiotic relationships with plants * Decomposers * Can digest harmful chemicals like oil, pesticides, etc

Question 30

Adaptable species

Answer 30

* Can live without soil, during a drought, during a freeze * Grow rapidly when it rains, stabilize just as fast in drought * Nearly impossible to kill

Question 31

Oligotrophs

Answer 31

organisms capable of living in low-nutrient environments such as deep oceanic sediments, glacial ice, or deep undersurface soil.

Question 32

Eutrophs (or copiotrophs)

Answer 32

bacteria which require a copious amount of organic nutrients.

Question 33

Mesotrophs

Answer 33

Animals that live at moderate temperature

Question 34

Ovules

Answer 34

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.

Question 35

Lignin

Answer 35

substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid

Question 36

How is it beneficial for an ovary to mature into fruit?

Answer 36

-It protects the enclosed seeds and the embryo -the fruit encloses the seeds and aids in their dispersal

Question 37

Ascomyctes (sac fungi)

Answer 37

* Sac-like structure * Include the most devastating plant pathogens * Also includes the zombie-ant fungus (Ophiocordyceps unilateralis)

Question 38

mychorrhizae

Answer 38

-the plant supplies the fungus with organic molecules -the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients

Question 39

Stigma of a plant does what?

Answer 39

The stigma collects pollen at pollination. Stigmas can either be long and thin or

Question 40

Style (in plants, not fashion!)

Answer 40

a structure found within the flower. It is a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary.

Question 41

Ovary of plant

Answer 41

a structure containing egg cells; the base of a pistil in a flower