Plant Function Flashcards
What is Determinate growth?
growth that stops after a certain size of reached
what is indeterminate growth?
growth which continues throughout an organisms life
What are meristems?
specilized tissues for growth
What are Apical Meristems?
found at the tips of roots and shoots?
What does primary growth allow?
allows roots to push downward through soil
allows shoots to grow upwards towards sun
What plant organs would primary growth occur in a plant?
stem and roots
what is the three zones of root growth behind the root cap?
zone of cell division
zone of cell elongation
zone of differentiation
What is the zone of cell division?
the apical meristem and cells derived from it
what is the cell elongation
cells lengthen by as much as 10 times
what is zone differentiation
cells differentiate into dermal, vascular, and ground tissues
What is the purpose of the root cap?
To protect the new growths from harm while being created
What increases in thickness during the second growth
stems and roots
When does the second growth occur?
lateral meristems
What are lateral meristems?
areas of active cell division that exists in two cylinders that extend along the length of roots and shoots
What is the vascular cambium?
lateral meristems that lie between primary xylem and primary phloem
What is the cork cambium
lateral meristem that lies at the outer edge of stem cortex
Where is the lateral meristems found?
Along the stem of a plant
What are the two directions Vascular cambium produces in?
Secondary xylem
secondary phloem
What does the secondary xylem produce
wood towards the interior of stem
what does the secondary phloem produce?
inner bark towards the exterior of the stem
What direction of cork cambium produce in?
one directiion
What is outer bark composed of?
cork cells
What do wood annual rings show?
layers of secondary xylem
What does the embryonic development produce?
a mature seed
What is seed dormancy?
A period of time when the embryonic growth and development is suspended
What does seed dormancy allow for?
germination when conditions are favorable
How many cotyledons do Eudicot (dicot) seeds have?
two cotyledons
What do Eudicot seeds have that lack protective sheaths?
apical meristems
Why do Eudicot have no endosperm?
the fleshy cotyledons absorbed the endosperm nutrients as the seed formed
How many cotyledons do Monocot seeds have?
one cotyledon
What acts as a protective sheath in monocot seeds?
embryonic root and shoots
True or False: Monocot seeds do have a endosperm
true
What causes the fruit to develop
hormonal changes induced by fertilization trigger the ovary to develop the fruit
What is the purpose of fruit?
house and protect seeds
aid in dispersal
What three things happen after pollination?
Flower drops its petals
ovary starts to grow
pod forms holding seeds
What happens at germination?
a seed takes up water and resumes growth and development
How does a Eudicot grow?
embryonic root emerges first and grows downward
shoots emerge from the soil and hooks downward
