Plant Diversity Week 1

Question 1

A prokaryote is..

Answer 1

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles.

Question 2

Prokaryotes appeared..

Answer 2

3.5 bya

Question 3

Single-celled eurkaryotes are..

Answer 3

called protists, and usually belong to protozoa, fungi and algae

Question 4

single-celled eukaryotes elvolved..

Answer 4

1.8bya

Question 5

multicellular eukaryotes evolved..

Answer 5

1.3bya

Question 6

The Phylogenetic tree of life..

Answer 6

Shows how all known life
forms are related to each
other through evolutionary
history

Question 7

Taxonomic classification..

Answer 7

is a hierarchical ‘filing system’
for all forms of life, Names for groups of
organisms (taxa, sing.
taxon)

Question 8

Systematics

Answer 8

the field of biology that
includes phylogenetics
and taxonomy

Question 9

polytomy..

Answer 9

a branch with more than two lines and serves to illustrate where scientists have not determined

Question 10

common ancestor of all life

Question 11

species

Question 12

genus

Question 13

family

Question 14

order

Question 15

class

Question 16

phylum

Question 17

kingdom

Question 18

domain

Question 19

Vertical gene transfer

Answer 19

• DNA inherited from
  parents (tree of life)

Question 20

Horizontal Gene
Transfer:

Answer 20

DNA obtained from
other genomes
through
transposable
elements, viruses,

Question 21

web of life

Question 22

Node

Answer 22

speciation event

Question 23

lineage

Answer 23

one or more connected branches (groups of organisms through evolutionary time)

Question 24

terminal branch

Question 25

internal branch

Answer 25

ancestral species

Question 26

sister taxa

Answer 26

closest relatives

Question 27

most closely related to Charophytes

Answer 27

Plants (Embryophytes)

Question 28

Derived traits

Answer 28

*Alternation of generations *Walled spores produced in sporangia *Apical meristems *Cuticle

Question 29

Alternation of generations

Answer 29

Two generations of multicellular organisms: a haploid stage (the gametophyte stage) and a diploid stage (the sporophyte stage)

Question 30

Walled spores produced in sporangia

Answer 30

A sporangium (2n) is an organ of the sporophyte (2n) that produces spores (n). Spores have a spore wall composed of the polymer sporopollenin

Question 31

Apical meristems

Answer 31

Apical meristems are regions of dividing cells at the tips of branches and roots

Question 32

Cuticle

Answer 32

Cuticle is a waxy layer on top of the epidermis A well-developed cuticle can give leaves a shiny appearance