Plant Diversity I

Question 1

Angiosperms are most closely related to________.

Answer 1

Gymnosperms

Question 2

Which of these was the dominant plant group at the time that dinosaurs were the dominant animals?

Answer 2

Gymnosperms

*Both gymnosperms & dinosaurs were dominant during the Mesozoic.

Question 3

Plants evolved from green algae approximately ____ million years ago.

Answer 3

475

Question 4

_____ are an example of seedless vascular plants.

Answer 4

Ferns

Question 5

The living plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia are the ______.

Answer 5

Bryophytes

*Bryophytes, such as mosses, are the extant plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia.

Question 6

Which characteristic is shared by algae and seed plants?

Answer 6

Chloroplasts

Question 7

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

Answer 7

Charophytes

Question 8

Which trait was the most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land?

Answer 8

The development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes.

*Without sporopollenin, plant reproduction on land would have been much more difficult. This was one of the first problems that had to be solved in order for plants to take advantage of the habitats available on lant.

Question 9

Seedless plants include_____.

Answer 9

Bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, & horsetails

Question 10

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always______.

Answer 10

Produces spores

Question 11

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats_____.

Answer 11

In conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil

Question 12

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ____.

Answer 12

Green algae

Question 13

Which statement is true for all sexually reproducing plants and animals?

The process of mitosis always produces diploid cells.

The process of mitosis produces gametes.

The process of meiosis produces diploid cells.

The process of meiosis produces haploid cells.

The process of meiosis produces gametes.

Answer 13

The process of meiosis produces diploid cell.s

Question 14

Which structures in the fern life cycle are haploid?

Answer 14

Spores, egg, gametophyte

Question 15

In moss, ____ produce sperm.

Answer 15

Antheridia

*Moss antheridia, found on the tops of male gametophytes, produce sperm

Question 16

The sperm produced by mosses require ____ to reach an archegonium.

Answer 16

Moisture

*Moss sperm swim to archegonia

Question 17

In mosses gametes are produced by ____; in ferns gametes are produced by ____.

Answer 17

Mitosis…. mitosis

Question 18

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into ____.

Answer 18

A sporophyte

Question 19

Where do fern antheridia develop?

Answer 19

On the underside of the gametophyte

Question 20

The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.

Answer 20

Diploid sporophyte

*In ferns, while the gametophyte generation is independent, the diploid sporophyte is much larger.

Question 21

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.

Answer 21

Lack true leaves & roots

Question 22

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the ____.

Answer 22

Sporophyte

*The diploid sporophyte generation is dominant in vascular plants; in bryophytes the haploid gametophyte generation is dominant.

Question 23

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

Answer 23

Lignified vascular tissue

*The polymer lignin strengthens the xylem and phloem, giving the plant more support and allowing it to grow taller

Question 24

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of ____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.

Answer 24

Ferns & other seedless plants

Question 25

Which is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?

Answer 25

The presence of chloroplasts

Question 26

Which characteristic of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

Answer 26

Alternation of multicellular generations

Question 27

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

Answer 27

Haploid spores

Question 28

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Answer 28

Lycophytes

Question 29

Select the correct statement about charophytes, a taxon of green algae Living charophytes are the algal ancestors of land plants Charophytes are embryophytes Charophytes and land plants share three distintive traits

Answer 29

Charophytes and land plants share three distinctive traits *These shared, derived traits provide evidence that living charophytes are the closest living relatives of plants, and that plants and charophytes share a more recent common ancestor than either charophytes or plants with other living organisms.

Question 30

Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae? The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b. Plants and green algae are photosynthetic. Plants and green algae have chloroplasts.

Answer 30

The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b. *Of the three choices, this statement does provide the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae. In addition to green algae and plants, euglenids and a few dinoflagellates have chlorophyll a and b.

Question 31

Select the correct statement about the plant life cycles. At some point in the life cycle of all plants, the sporophyte is dependent on its gametophyte parent. Meiosis in plant life cycles is a sexual process, producing gametes. Over evolutionary time, the sporophyte has replaced the gametophyte in plant life cycles.

Answer 31

At some point in the life cycle of all plants, the sporophyte is dependent on its gametophyte parent.

Question 32

Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes. Sporophytes are vascular, whereas gametophytes are nonvascular. Sporophytes are larger than gametophytes. Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid.

Answer 32

Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid.

Question 33

Select the correct statement about a life cycle of a fern. In ferns, meiosis results in the formation of egg and sperm cells. Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores. Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies.

Answer 33

Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies *Plant gametophytes vary in size, but they are haploid and multicellular in all plant life cycles.

Question 34

How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike?

Answer 34

In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.

Question 35

Which is true of the life cycle of mosses?

Answer 35

Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.

Question 36

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with he sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ______.

Answer 36

Ferns

Question 37

A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. This student has probably found a(n)____.

Answer 37

Lycophyte sporophyte

Question 38

Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. However when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a spike moss. What features of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?

Answer 38

Flagelleted sperm

Question 39

Which feature of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

Answer 39

Flagelleted sperm swim to the eggs in water drop

Question 40

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants_____.

Answer 40

Allows it to be nourished by the parent plant.

Question 41

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophyte and their structure?

Answer 41

They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere

Question 42

How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous?

Answer 42

Male and female reproductive structures are located on separate plants.