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BOT*3710 > Plant Diversity and Evolution Terms > Flashcards

Plant Diversity and Evolution Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Two areas of growing points on plants:

A
  1. Terminal Bud
  2. Axillary Bud
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2
Q

Terminal Bud

A

Sends down chemicals to inhibit the growth of other axillary buds

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3
Q

Leaf

A

Everything below/subtense an axillary bud.

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4
Q

Alternate Arrangment

A

1 leaf per node

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5
Q

Opposite Arrangment

A

2 leaves per node

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6
Q

Whorl Arrangment

A

More than 2 leaves per node

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7
Q

Compound Leaves

A

Made up of multiple leaflets

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8
Q

Entire (leaf shape)

A

Leaf with straight edge

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9
Q

Pinnately lobed

A

Shaped like an oak leaf

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10
Q

Palmately Lobed

A

Shaped like a maple leaf

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11
Q

Cordate (leaf shape)

A

Heart shaped base

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11
Q

Armed (term to describe stems)

A

Thorns on stem

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11
Q

Double Tooth

A

Teeth on leaves have teeth

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12
Q

Tendril is considered…

A

A modified leaf

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12
Q

Cuneate (leaf shape)

A

V-shaped

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13
Q

Truncate (leaf shape)

A

Straight at the base

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14
Q

Zygomorphic

A

Irregular flowers

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15
Q

Actinomorphic

A

Regular flowers

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16
Q

Group of Sepals

A

Calyx

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17
Q

Group of Petals

A

Corolla

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18
Q

Caylx + Corolla

A

Perianth

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19
Q

Monadelphous Stamens

A

Fused filaments. Male and female parts are fused

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20
Q

Seperate sepals

A

Polysepalous

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21
Q

United/ fused sepals

A

Synsepalous or Gamosepalous

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22
1 Carpel
Unicarpellate = Simple Pistil
23
2 or More Seperate Carpels
Apocarpous = Each a Pistil
24
2 or More Fused Carpels
Syncarpous = Compound Pistil
25
Locules
Spaces between carpels that are fused
26
Carpel Involves:
Ovary, Style and Stigma
27
Inflorescence
Group of Flowers
28
Indeterminate Inflorescence
The terminal flower if is the youngest is still growing and is therefore indeterminate
29
Determinate Inflorescence
When flowers on the side are youngest and middle flower is on sides
30
3 Types of Inflorescence
1. Spike 2. Raceme 3. Panicle
31
Spike (type of inflorescence)
1 flower per node that is secile (no pedicile) - most common
32
Raceme (type of inflorescence)
1 flower per node with a pedicile
33
Panicle (type of inflorescence)
Much stalked flower
34
Unisexual flowers
Have male OR female reproductive parts in flower
35
Bisexual Flowers
Hermaphrodites - Have both male and female reproductive parts in the same flower
36
Dioecious
ONLY USED FOR UNISEXUAL PLANTS whole plant is male and other whole plant is female (ex. Salix)
37
Monoecious
ONLY USED FOR UNISEXUAL PLANTS Males and females on the same plant (still different flowers)
38
Dehiscing
opens up
39
Achene
A fruit that has been fertilized
40
Samara
An achene with wings
41
Petaloid Sepals
Sepals that look like petals - they cannot be differentiated
42
Perennial
One season for the plant
43
Annual
Overwinters and comes back next season to flower
44
Series =
Whorls
45
Syncarpous
Carpels joined
46
Apocarpous
Carpels not joined
47
Axillary
Placentation in the middle - Ex. an orange
48
Parietal
Placentation on the outside (carpels did not inrole they just joined) - Ex. pumpkin
49
Achene
Seeded pericarp attached only at the funiculus, the seed usually tightly enclosed by fruit wall. - Seeded Indehiscent
50
Cypsela
Achene with adnate calyx - Seeded indehiscent
51
Caryopsis
- Grain - Seed and pericarp completely fused - Found in Poaceae grass family - Seeded indehiscent
52
Schizocarp
- Derived from a syncarpous gynecium - The carpels seperating from one another into 1 - seeded indehiscent segment
53
Nut / Nutlet
- Derived from a syncarpos gynecium, but 1 seed by abortion of ovules - Exocarp usually hard - Fruit often subtend by an involucre such as a chestnut and the acorn.
54
Follicle
Unicarpellate, dehiscing along 1 suture
55
Drupe
Pericarp consists of 1. exocarp (skin) 2. Mesocarp (fleshy) 3. Endocarp (Boney)
56
Berry
Entire pericarp is soft as in the tomato or grape
57
Pepo
A berry with a leathery rind derived from a inferior ovary. Ex. Zucchini
58
Pome
Ovary inferior surrounded by fleshy tissue interpreted as a hypanthium
59
Hesperidium
Ovary superior, septations conspicuous, lined with fleshy hairs - Citrus fruits
60
False Fruits
Result from coalescing of the seprate true fruits of an apocarpous gynoecium or coalescing of the fruit from an entire inflorescence
61
Accessory
Ex. Strawberry has an enlarged receptacle
62
Aggregate
Formed from many seperate dry or fleshy fruits of a single flower
63
Hip
vase like leathery hypanthium containing several achenes Rose Hip
64
Multiple
Fusion of an entire inflorescence Ex. pinapple
65
Syconium
Vase-like inflorescence with flowers lining the inside restricted to the fig
66
Glaucous leaf
Whitened underside of leaves
67
Farinose
Covered in white mealy powder
68
Ochrea
Formed by the fusion of stipules fused into a sheath surrounding the stem.

BOT*3710 (2 decks)

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