Plant diversity

Question 1

Alternation of generations

Answer 1

Type of life cycle that occurs in plants and algae

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

Organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide or other chemicals

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

cell that contains 2 copies of each chromosome, one from each parent

Question 4

desiccation

Answer 4

state of extreme dryness or process of dying

Question 5

dominant generation

Answer 5

the generation that occupies the largest portion of the life cycle

Question 6

gametophyte

Answer 6

the sexual phase in plants and algae

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

cell with single set of chromosomes (egg and sperm cells)

Question 8

homoiohydric

Answer 8

able to obtain water from the environment through a system of roots rather then the surface leaves

Question 9

poikilohydric

Answer 9

when an organism water content changes with the moisture in the surrounding environment

Question 10

sporophyte

Answer 10

non-sexual phase in the alternation of generations

Question 11

vascular

Answer 11

plants with lignified tissues for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant

Question 12

angiosperm

Answer 12

flowering plants - all plants with seeds, fruit and flowers for reproduction, attracts animals which assist in pollination, fruit serves to help with seed dispersal, sporophyte generation

Question 13

binomial nomenclature

Answer 13

naming of each species of plants or animals- first genus, then species itself

Question 14

bryophyte

Answer 14

plants that produce via spores rather than seeds or flowers, mosses, gametophyte generation, no vascular system

Question 15

carpel

Answer 15

female reproductive system that encloses the ovules in the flowering plants

Question 16

clade

Answer 16

a group of organisms believed to comprise all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor

Question 17

gymnosperm

Answer 17

seed producing plants not spores, contained within a cone, pollen is blown by wind into female cones, sporophyte generation

Question 18

monophyletic

Answer 18

group of organisms descended from a single ancestor

Question 19

paraphyletic

Answer 19

a group including the most recent ancestor of all those organisms. does not include the descendants

Question 20

polyphyletic

Answer 20

classified into the same group but come from different ancestors

Question 21

spore

Answer 21

reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion to another cell

Question 22

synapomorphy

Answer 22

a character or trait shared

Question 23

taxon

Answer 23

unit of rank designating an organism

Question 24

what makes an organism a plant?

Answer 24

multicellular organisms that make their own food. photosynthetic and contain chlorophyll which enables plants to convert energy from the sun into food.

Question 25

xylem

Answer 25

transports water and nutrients from the roots to different parts of the plant. conducts water and nutrients upwards from the root

Question 26

phloem

Answer 26

conducts sugar and other products downwards from the leaves

Question 27

problems for organisms transitioning from sea to land

Answer 27

water loss - cutin, stomata, roots hairs all helped land plants absorb and conserve water. the problems were movement, feeding, respiration and reproduction

Question 28

differences seen in animals vs abiotic dispersal

Answer 28

animal plants would be attractive, good smelling and have lots of pollen to attract pollinators to move their pollen from one plant to another.

Question 29

differences seen in animal and abiotic pollinations

Answer 29

abiotic pollination - uses non living methods such as wind or water. this allows the plants to spend energy on pollen rather than attracting pollinators with flowers and nectar .
animal pollinated - crucial in plant reproduction and production of most fruits and vegetables. the energy that powers the pollinators growth comes from sugars in the sector, protein fat, vitamins and mineral from pollen grains.