Plant Diseases and Defences

Question 1

Define Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being.

Question 2

Define Disease

Answer 2

A deviation from the normal structure or function of any body part, organ or system
(a deviation is mutation of genes causing change)

Question 3

What is a communicable disease? Give three examples.

Answer 3

A disease that can be spread through touch or bodily fluids etc, it is contagious.

Any three from:
Chlamydia Cholera Malaria Measles HIV(AIDS)
Ebola Chicken Pox Small Pox Cow pox

Question 4

What is a non-communicable disease? Give three examples.

Answer 4

A disease that can’t be spread by touch, bodily fluids etc; it is not contagious

Any three from:
Autism Down’s syndrome Cancers Athsma Diabetes
(Cardiovascular Diseases)

Question 5

What is the equation to calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index) of a person? Give the units in which they are measured in.

Answer 5

Weight (kg)
—————
Height (Cm)

Question 6

Name two ways of measuring obesity.

Answer 6

BMI (Body Mass Index) (weight/ height)

Waist-to-hip ratio (waist measurement/ hip measurement)

Question 7

What are the classifications of pathogen?

Give an example of each
Hint there are 4

Answer 7

Protist: Malaria /
Bacteria: Chlamydia / Cholera / Gonorrhea / Meningitis / Pneumonia
Fungi: Ash Dieback / Ringworm / Pneumonia
Virus: HIV / Ebola / Pneumonia

Question 8

Define pathogen. List the four classifications of pathogens.

Answer 8

A microorganism that could cause or lead to a disease

Protist
Bacterium
Fungi
Virus

Question 9

List three ways in which diseases are spread.

Answer 9

• Through the air (airborn)
• Through water (waterborn)
• Through touch / bodily fluids exchange

Question 10

List at least 3 short term effects to alcahol.

Answer 10

• Slowed brain activity
• Slowed reaction time
• Lower inhibitions
• Worse/ less consistent decision making

Question 11

List at least 3 long term effects of alcahol.

Answer 11

• Organ damage
• Cirrhosis of Liver (Liver failure)
• Brain damage affecting memory and learning
• Blood clots

Question 12

What is a memory lymphocyte?

Answer 12

A WBC that is still in the bloodstream after previously attacking a pathogen.
It remembers the antibodies of that pathogen and makes its own antigens to destroy they ever come back into contact with the bloodstream.

Question 13

What is an antibiotic and how does it work?

Answer 13

A medicine that kills bacteria or inhibits its cell processes, like reproducing and harming other body cells.
The antibiotic itself does not affect body cells although symptoms may occur

Question 14

What is a vaccine? What does this cause?

Answer 14

An injection in which a weak or dead version of a disease is inside and sent into the bloodstream.
WBC’s identify this disease and create antigens to destroy it.
Memory Lymphocytes remain.

Question 15

How is a secondary response to a pathogen different?

Answer 15

A lot more antibodies are produced a lot quicker

Question 16

What is immunity?

Answer 16

When a person is unable to be affected by a certain disease or pathogen.

Question 17

What is the first phase in which a drug is developed?

Answer 17

An agar plate is used to identify how the medicine reacts with the pathogen or disease.

Question 18

What is the second phase of developing a drug?

Answer 18

Testing the medicine on the pathogen in a living organism (usually mice) to see how it reacts with body cells and in the system as a whole.

Question 19

What is the third stage in the development of a drug?

Answer 19

Testing healthy people with the medicine, identifying the effect on normal human body cells.
Symptoms are recorded

Question 20

What is the final stage of developing a drug before it can be introduced to the public?

Answer 20

The disease is made available to some doctors in which may choose to prescribe to willing patients.