Plant Cells (Bot Ch 2)

Question 1

what is cell theory?

Answer 1

states that all living organisms are composed of cells and cells form a unifying structural basis of organization

Question 2

what are the two types of modern microscopes?

Answer 2

light microscopes and electron microscopes

Question 3

how do light microscopes work?

Answer 3

increase magnification as light passes through a series of transparent lenses made of glass or calcium fluoride crystals

Question 4

what are the two types of light microscopes?

Answer 4

compound and dissecting

Question 5

how does a compound microscope work?

Answer 5

light passes through thinly sliced material. can distinguish organelles 2 micrometers or larger in diameter. can magnify up to 1500x

Question 6

how does a dissecting microscope work?

Answer 6

allow three dimensional viewing of opaque objects. can magnify up to 30x

Question 7

how does an electron microscope work?

Answer 7

use a beam of electrons produced when high-voltage electricity is passed through a wire

Question 8

what are the two types of electron microscopes?

Answer 8

transmission electron and scanning electron microscopes

Question 9

how does a transmission electron microscope work?

Answer 9

has up to 200,000x magnification, but material must be thinly sliced. living objects cannot be observed

Question 10

how does a scanning electron microscope work?

Answer 10

up to 10,000x magnification. surface detail can be observed on thick objects

Question 11

what is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

prokaryotic lack a nucleus. they are mostly bacteria. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, they are mostly plants and animals

Question 12

what are organelles?

Answer 12

membrane bound bodies found within eukaryotic cells

Question 13

what is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 13

states that some organelles evolved when a large eukaryotic cell engulfed independent prokaryotic cells