Plant Cell Structure Flashcards
What do chloroplast do ?
Contain green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight so they can carry out photosynthesis
What does mitochondria do ?
Respiration takes place
glucose and oxygen turn in to energy
What does cytoplasm do ?
It’s a jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place to help keep the plant alive.
The reactions are controlled by enzymes
What does the cell wall do ?
Covers the thin membrane and is made of tough cellulose which strengthens and supports the cell
What does the nucleus do ?
Contains all emetic information to produce new cells and controls all chemical processes
What does the vacuole do ?
Plants cells have permanent vacuoles which is filled with a weak salt and sugar solution called cell sap.
Supports the cell
What does the cell membrane do ?
The thin skin around the cell.
Gives the cell shape and contrails why passes in and out of the cell
What is the stomata ?
Hole for CO2 to pass through.
Has 2 guard cells to let only CO2 in
Where are the stomata ?
On the underside of the leaf
What does the stomata do ?
Saves water loss and regulate the size
What happens to stomata when they lose water ?
Become glasses and cause the stomata to close
This only usually happens in the dark
What is turgidity ?
Most plant cells are turgid
Supports the weight of the plant
What is the cuticle ?
A waxy waterproof layer which cuts down the water lost by evaporation and protects against fungi
What is the upper epidermis ?
Single layer of transparent cells containing chloroplasts photosynthesis takes place here.
What is a vein ?
Contains tubes called xylem and phloem
What does the xylem do ?
Brings waters and salts UP to the leaf for photosynthesis
What does the phloem do ?
Phloem transports dissolved foods AWAY
What does he spongy layer do ?
Irregularly shaped cells with large air spaces in between allowing gas exchange
What does the lower epidermis do ?
Contains lots of tiny holes called pres it stomata at regular intervals.
Allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
Adapting of a transparent epidermis ?
Allows more light to each the palisade cell
Adaption of a palisade cell layer at top of the leaf and containing most of the chloroplasts
To absorb more light
Adaption of a spongy layer with air spaces
Allows CO2 to diffuse from the stomata to the photosynthesising cells and to provide very large internal surface area to volume ratio
What is the structure of a xylem
Cylindrical ends arranged end to end in which the cytoplasm does and the cell walls between adjoining cells break down leaving a dead empty tube with strengthened cell walls
What is the process of xylem ?
Transpiration
What is the process of phloem ?
Translocation
What is the structure of phloem ?
Made up of columns of living cylindrical cells. The cell walls between adjoining cells develop holes like a sieve allowing transport through the tube
What does the plants require ?
Mineral salts such as nitrates for growth
Where is the concentration of nitrates higher ?
On the plant root cell than it is in the soil solution surrounding it
Why can’t the plant rely on diffusion ?
Because the nitrates diffuse out of the root cell in to the soil
Where does a bronchiol lead to ?
To alveoli that inflates during in inhalation and deflate during exhalation
What is gas exchange ?
The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the elimination of CO2 from the bloodstream to the lungs and out of the body taking place in the alveoli
