Plant Cell Structure

Question 1

What do chloroplast do ?

Answer 1

Contain green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight so they can carry out photosynthesis

Question 2

What does mitochondria do ?

Answer 2

Respiration takes place

glucose and oxygen turn in to energy

Question 3

What does cytoplasm do ?

Answer 3

It’s a jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place to help keep the plant alive.
The reactions are controlled by enzymes

Question 4

What does the cell wall do ?

Answer 4

Covers the thin membrane and is made of tough cellulose which strengthens and supports the cell

Question 5

What does the nucleus do ?

Answer 5

Contains all emetic information to produce new cells and controls all chemical processes

Question 6

What does the vacuole do ?

Answer 6

Plants cells have permanent vacuoles which is filled with a weak salt and sugar solution called cell sap.
Supports the cell

Question 7

What does the cell membrane do ?

Answer 7

The thin skin around the cell.

Gives the cell shape and contrails why passes in and out of the cell

Question 8

What is the stomata ?

Answer 8

Hole for CO2 to pass through.

Has 2 guard cells to let only CO2 in

Question 9

Where are the stomata ?

Answer 9

On the underside of the leaf

Question 10

What does the stomata do ?

Answer 10

Saves water loss and regulate the size

Question 11

What happens to stomata when they lose water ?

Answer 11

Become glasses and cause the stomata to close

This only usually happens in the dark

Question 12

What is turgidity ?

Answer 12

Most plant cells are turgid

Supports the weight of the plant

Question 13

What is the cuticle ?

Answer 13

A waxy waterproof layer which cuts down the water lost by evaporation and protects against fungi

Question 14

What is the upper epidermis ?

Answer 14

Single layer of transparent cells containing chloroplasts photosynthesis takes place here.

Question 15

What is a vein ?

Answer 15

Contains tubes called xylem and phloem

Question 16

What does the xylem do ?

Answer 16

Brings waters and salts UP to the leaf for photosynthesis

Question 17

What does the phloem do ?

Answer 17

Phloem transports dissolved foods AWAY

Question 18

What does he spongy layer do ?

Answer 18

Irregularly shaped cells with large air spaces in between allowing gas exchange

Question 19

What does the lower epidermis do ?

Answer 19

Contains lots of tiny holes called pres it stomata at regular intervals.
Allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

Question 20

Adapting of a transparent epidermis ?

Answer 20

Allows more light to each the palisade cell

Question 21

Adaption of a palisade cell layer at top of the leaf and containing most of the chloroplasts

Answer 21

To absorb more light

Question 22

Adaption of a spongy layer with air spaces

Answer 22

Allows CO2 to diffuse from the stomata to the photosynthesising cells and to provide very large internal surface area to volume ratio

Question 23

What is the structure of a xylem

Answer 23

Cylindrical ends arranged end to end in which the cytoplasm does and the cell walls between adjoining cells break down leaving a dead empty tube with strengthened cell walls

Question 24

What is the process of xylem ?

Answer 24

Transpiration

Question 25

What is the process of phloem ?

Answer 25

Translocation

Question 26

What is the structure of phloem ?

Answer 26

Made up of columns of living cylindrical cells. The cell walls between adjoining cells develop holes like a sieve allowing transport through the tube

Question 27

What does the plants require ?

Answer 27

Mineral salts such as nitrates for growth

Question 28

Where is the concentration of nitrates higher ?

Answer 28

On the plant root cell than it is in the soil solution surrounding it

Question 29

Why can’t the plant rely on diffusion ?

Answer 29

Because the nitrates diffuse out of the root cell in to the soil

Question 30

Where does a bronchiol lead to ?

Answer 30

To alveoli that inflates during in inhalation and deflate during exhalation

Question 31

What is gas exchange ?

Answer 31

The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the elimination of CO2 from the bloodstream to the lungs and out of the body taking place in the alveoli