Plant Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of the cell wall.

A

A rigid structure, made of cellulose, that surrounds the plant cell.

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It supports the plant cell.

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3
Q

Describe the structure of the middle lamella.

A

It is the outermost layer of a plant cell.

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4
Q

What is the function of the middle lamella?

A
  • It acts as an adhesive, sticking adjacent plant cells together
  • It gives the plant stability
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5
Q

Describe the structure of the plasmodesmata.

A

They are channels in the cell walls that link adjacent cells together.

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6
Q

What is the function of the plasmodesmata?

A
  • It allows the transport of substances across plant cells

- It allows communication between plant cells

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7
Q

Describe the structure of the pits.

A

They are regions of the cell wall that are very thin. They are arranged in pairs.

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8
Q

What is the function of the pits?

A

They allow the transport of substances between cells.

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9
Q

Describe the structure of a chloroplast.

A

It is an organelle surrounded by a double membrane. It contains thylakoid membranes inside that can either form lamellae or be stacked to form grana. The lamellae link the grana together. It also contains stroma which is a thick fluid

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10
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

It is the site of photosynthesis. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the stroma and some on the grana.

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11
Q

Describe the structure of an amyloplast.

A

It is a small organelle that contains starch granules

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12
Q

What is the function of an amyloplast?

A

It stores starch grains and converts starch into glucose, which is released when needed by the plant.

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13
Q

Describe the structure of the vacuole and the tonoplast.

A

The vacuole contains cell sap and is surrounded by the tonoplast membrane.

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole and the tonoplast?

A
  • Cell sap contains water, enzymes, minerals and waste products
  • The vacuole is involved in the breakdown of unwanted chemicals in the cell
  • The tonoplast controls the exit and entry of substances in the vacuole.
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