Plant Cell Flashcards
Nucelus
The organelle that contains the cell’s genetic information. It controls the activities of the cell such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes which move out of the nucleus into the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Cytosol
The mostly water substance that all of the other organelles reside in. Where most of the metabolism occurs.
Centrosome
The area in which the microtubules are produced and organized.
Golgi
A stack of membrane-bound vesicles that package macromolecules (proteins and lipids/fat) to transport them out of or throughout the cell.
Lysosome
Break down excess or worn-out macromolecules so their parts can be recycled.
Peroxisome
Membrane bound packets of oxidative enzymes.They convert fatty acids to sugar and help chloroplasts with photorespiration.
Secretory Vesicle
The packaging and transport for cell waste. It takes the waste to the cell’s surface for release.
Cell Membrane
Protection for the cell. It regulates the substances and amount of substances that enter and leave the cell.
Mitochondrion
The energy provider for the cell and its processes.Produces ATP through cellular respiration.
Vacuole
Helps with the cell’s digestion and the release of waste. In plant cells they store nutrients, help increase cell size during growth, and produce rigidity in the cell by expanding.
Cell Wall
An extra layer of protection for plant cells. The rigidity doesn’t negatively affect these cells because they do not need to take part in as many physical activities as animals.
Chloroplast
Contain the plant’s chlorophyll which makes the plant green and proved the ability to absorb energy from sunlight. They convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars used for energy.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Creates lipids (fats) and steroid hormones.They also detoxify harmful metabolic byproducts.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Create proteins and transport them throughout the cell.
Ribosomes
Packets of RNA and proteins. They create proteins for the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Made up of microtubules and micro and intermediate filaments. Maintains cell shape. Organizes and controls the movement of the organelles.
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells do not have centrioles (as the plant centrosome can create microtubules by itself) and rarely have lysosomes (because the cell wall can typically keep out the products that lysosomes have to break down.). Animal cells do not have a cell wall (because it would not allow for as much movement as animals do), or chloroplasts (because animals get sugars from the food they eat instead of the sun, so they do not use photosynthesis) .
